The vice president has been playing a crucial role in u.s. foreign affairs. just this week, she welcomed the president to wear the dual toured nasa facilities, and discuss their contributions to strengthen a bilateral, space partnership. last month, she did an eight-day tour of africa, announcing one billion dollars of new investments to support african women in business, as the u.s. looks to counter growing chinese influence in the region. during that same trip, she spoke in ghana at the cape coast castle. one of the departure points from the african continent, for thousands of people, who were forced into slavery. being here was it was immensely powerful, and moving.
Barriers, gun violence, and abortion rights. the vice president has been playing a crucial role in u.s. foreign affairs. just this week, she welcomed the president to wear the dual toured nasa facilities, and discuss their contributions to strengthen a bilateral, space partnership. last month, she did an eight-day tour of africa, announcing one billion dollars of new investments to support african women in business, as the u.s. looks to counter growing chinese influence in the region. during that same trip, she spoke in ghana at the cape coast castle. one of the departure points from the african continent, for thousands of people, who were forced into slavery. being here was it was immensely powerful, and moving. when we
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And that he s going to do it Jamie says Holmes claims the president s voice was loud and recognizable on that call tapped the team to pre-book minaret for full updates and summaries from him he tapped the on demand button to listen to the hearing on interrupted then he could tap the open mike button and send me your comment though I d like to hear more so about what you think of today s weather since it s nice we can all agree on the news 96.5 to d.b.o. Orlando turns 1st for severe weather until now no one is Susmit are all just Brian shields highs today in the mid seventies Coming up we re tracking our weekend front Good morning I m Gina Lex Luger it s absolutely perfect outside I m checking the radar just for for giggles here nuffin 71 degrees and clear right around the center for the top local story might still see some extra police presence in the south of downtown Orlando area to look at for 2 men accused of trying to rob a man and an a.t.m. This all started as a robbery around 530 this morning investigators at the sheriff s office tell us the 2 suspects approached the victim demanded some sort of property or cash forced him into his vehicle and then they drove here to the b.b. And t. Bank at the intersection of Orange Avenue and Michigan Street that s where investigators tell us that the 2 suspects tried to force the victim to withdraw money from the a.t.m. At some point there was a physical struggle both of the suspects managed to get away and there s an active search for them now that s about all we know at the moment but we will let you know as soon as we find out more from our reporting south of downtown Orlando on general moody News 96.5 w d Vo Updating a story we 1st brought you Friday we now know more about the man who died in Lake Jessup after going missing on a kayak trip Seminole County Sheriff s Office tweets this morning the man was a seminal County resident and they re notifying next of kin so after that s done we should know his name in Orlando mans in custody after he climbs up a crane and gets stuck around 545 this morning police were called when an employee at the Camden Lake he ll look instruction site noticed a man walking around one of the cranes that man later identified as 43 year old Jason Garrett then called up inside the crane and was unable to get down only no fire department was called in to retrieve them. Once down he was arrested and charged with trespassing and possession of meth World News 96.5 w. D.b.l. But you live north of downtown Orlando and Maitland a Winter Park you may have heard some booms yesterday you ll still hear them today the Orange County sheriff s office says they re conducting a training exercise at an abandoned apartment complex near Lake Jan 11th 3 News 96.5 w. . At Metro the best deal in wireless is on switch to Metro a good one for Amazon Prime membership included every month plus get 2 free phones from top brands like Samsung and l.g. With huge h.d. Screens all with 2 lines for just $90.00 that s the best deal in wireless only at Metro. Activation fee the corresponding eligible number not currently active on the mobile network active on Metro past any days before per account or household offers if you can change a dollar for new Amazon prime numbers Amazon Prime has 12 going on for a month the user can supply store for details and terms and conditions these 2 musicians play the same instrument one is a rock the other is more romantic They may sound nothing alike but they re in total harmony when it comes to breakfast at McDonald s whether you play hot licks or can t play a lick together we breakfast get into the groove with a $1.00 any seismic cafe premium roast coffee only at McDonald s your morning starts. Limited time only a participating McDonald s cannot be combined with any other offer or combo meal and now I thought from Geico motorcycle It took 15 minutes to take a spirit animal quiz online please be the cheetah. Be the cheetah. And learn your animal isn t the cheetah but the far less appealing blobfish. Come on to add insult to injury you could have used those 15 blobfish minutes to switch your motorcycle insurance to Geico Geico 15 minutes could save you 15 percent or more on motorcycle insurance can t wait to get something great this holiday get to all of the baby this Friday cozy and stylish flannel shirts for the family are on sale just 9 bucks for adults 8 bucks for kids but hurry it s Friday only at old baby and old Baby dot com Fallon 1122 select styles only excludes gift of the week can you believe the holidays are almost here Thanksgiving is just around the corner and 2020 eyeglass superstore want to thank you for supporting them over the years from now through Thanksgiving Day 2020 eyeglass superstore will give you a free gas card when you take advantage of our Buy one get one free offer a little something to help you make it home for the holidays get to complete pairs of glasses for as little as $105.00 with our Buy one get one free offer and will even pay for your eye exam there s an independent eye doctor in every store and with our own in-store labs most classes can be ready the same day in Orange City with just off I 4 Exhibit 111 the right next to Ruby Tuesday in Winter Park at 1555 north state road 436 near the corner of 436 and how branch road get more details online at 2020 eyeglass dot com and the Winter Park store is open Sundays for your shopping convenience start the holidays off right with a visit to 2020 eyeglass superstores Well here we are folks one week from Thanksgiving Can you believe it we have so much to be thankful for Heck I m thankful for my good friends it all go by all go by where they always pay you the max for your quality pre-owned vehicle even if you have a pay off Scott on is here for all go by you know what all go by there are always up front there are always transparent and they love to keep things simple with their 20 minute signature no hassle offer to buy plus they re now conveniently located just outside millennium ball and if you can t make it to them they may be able to come to your home or office she told. Service write a check out this review from Google quote auto Bybee Car Max s offer all together I was in and out within an hour so go ahead and visit auto buy online it we pay the Max dot com and schedule your appointment today with a certified buyer like Tim or stopping to see him at the new location just outside the millennium all all by the easiest safest most convenient way to sell your quality pre-owned vehicle visit we pay the Max dot com and schedule an appointment today that s auto body that we pay the Max dot com Time Clark our the guy helping you keep more of the money you make and this is World Lando turns 1st for breaking news weather and traffic News 965 w. D.b.o. Whether it s me but us heating and air conditioning picture perfect weather rolls on sunny skies throughout the day staying dry gorge is highs hitting about 76 mild and comfortable this afternoon then for tonight clear skies cool down to 57 tomorrow a wonderful way to finish up their work week sunny skies on our Friday highs around 78 from Channel 9 when is Tuesday I mean are all just Brian shields and things like security triple team traffic still going for a little bit of a slowdown on I 4 westbound heading into downtown near Colonial Drive to take extra few minutes there and then I for you spend a few minutes a slowdowns from right around Osceola Parkway to 535 also got a crash in Orange County on 4 city road add Pembroke drive in a wreck in Osceola County Pleasant Hill Road at Forest Drive got a lovely block there this traffic report brought to you by Indeed dot com Are you hiring with indeed you can post a job in minutes set up screener questions then 0 in on qualified candidates in an online dashboard get started indeed dot com slash higher with travelers every 6 minutes in the morning or helping you get to work on time I m at Torrance News 96.5 w d Vo our commitment to Orlando to help you get where you need to be on time you ll know there s a major traffic problem in Orlando when you hear this soon. Here that you. You. Know what. I. Think a lot of this is where Amanda 1st News 96 times. That the Brian Kilmeade News $96.00. T.v. Thanks so much was the everybody Brian Kilmeade show this hour we re going to be joined by Steven Hayes at the bottom of the hour but most of all be taking your phone calls and going through the series that are taking place this is week to day 3 the hearings there was also debate last night will discuss that. There was a big book that dropped today so we ll talk about that Steven Hayes will be with us and we do know that the morning session is now done the morning session is done Fiona Hill and David Holmes have wrapped up the questions from we re reading their opening statements taking questions from Adam Schiff Democrats and now it s going to be Devon Nunez and the Republicans and I go 555 and 5 By think this will be a lot quicker than yesterday which is when all throughout the day just a grind and with Gordon someone Republicans got blown up in the morning and really put it back together in the afternoon but for those who say the president United States did not tie aid to an investigation on Joe Biden there s pushback for those who say he did this pushback I don t think anybody is being converted big 3. With the stories you need to know the Bryans big 3 numbers for a. Anonymous Bob Woodward Michael Wolff and dozens more writing a hit book on the president why the obsession in trying to show the press is not worthy of this job and why does it only make his supporters stronger never kill him no man has a right to raise a hand so we have to just change the culture period and keep pushing out a confession out of I come out of the black community as far as my support for you know we have plastic America we re never belonged to the United States and the so I point to the other side to the. Dems debate the Biden makes the mishaps Most came in the last. The highlights and lowlights. Was there a quid pro quo as I testified previously with regard to the requested White House Call and the White House meeting the answer is yes here we go impeachment week to day 3 what to expect today in the bombshell that didn t really do as much damage as everyone thought in the morning in fact according to the president he thought it went great yesterday and would take a 20 year cost so in fact here is the president yesterday before he flew out once he was in Austin Texas he says he doesn t really know the European Union ambassador but they are friends. That he said yes speak. Like what you do I said I want nothing and I repeated I want nothing I want you know we broke. Out the president you know if you pray. To the right thing why did he put this statement to put it to his opening remarks and I agree put that in there Gordon Sunline you want to make sure you don t a perjury trap you want to make sure you don t go to jail I get it but I did very least to say this is what I was doing you know he said no quid pro quo if you ask me what I thought I ll tell you but you put both sides in 25 pages there didn t include it and what the Republicans drilled down on is yesterday and I ll get to today shortly what they drill down on was that you re jumping to conclusions on a lot of this. For. President Trump never told me directly that the aid was conditioned on the meetings the only thing we got directly from Giuliani was that the Arisa in 2016 elections were conditioned on the White House meeting the aide was my own personal. You know gas I never heard from President Trump that aid was conditioned on an announcement of elections so that was the whole thing we were to stand off after that we Democrats said well we won this in the end we both go you kidding me there s no proof of this this was pushing it haranguing to rein in corruption what do I think 2016 they had a role the press was a fine with the role as nobody else is looking at it he Elise s Rudy Giuliani there but as people know regime Yani going there rankled a lot of feathers of the State Department and other people the president put in place Meanwhile David Holmes who overheard that conversation with Gordon certainly and the president came front center over the weekend and then testified today here s a little of homes let s go down to the 3rd one. Despite the Russian aggression over the past 5 years Ukrainians have rebuilt the shattered economy but here to a peace process and move economically and socially closer to the west towards our way of life earlier this year large majorities if you Crane s again shows a fresh start by voting for a political newcomer as president replacing 80 percent of their parliament and endorsing a platform consistent with our democratic values our reform priorities and our strategic interests this year s revolution to ballot box underscores the despite its imperfections Ukraine is a genuine and vibrant democracy and example to other post Soviet countries and beyond from Moscow to Hong Kong and that s what I hope happens after all this is done he s not getting impeached I want us to double down in the Ukraine as some people. Think oh who cares about Ukraine you have to go picture if you had eastern Europe fall we re going to be back in a Cold War They re already in Venezuela they re already reestablish themselves in Cuba they re back in the Middle East you let Ukraine fall is still you ll be next with the winner will be next and next thing you know it is post World War 2 all over again the president s got to make sure that doesn t happen and it s going to take some vision for it to happen and I lowkey as David Holmes I don t these got an agenda feel to hill I don t think she has an agenda she has a traditional way of doing things to President having Rudie in their ranks and some feathers not impeachable Let s go to the last bite at the end how we respond to this is Sturrock opportunity will set the trajectory of our relationship with Ukraine and will define our willingness to defend our bedrock international principles and our leadership role in the world. Ukrainians want to hear a clear and unambiguous reaffirmation that our longstanding bipartisan policy of strong support for Ukraine remains unchanged and that we fully back it at the highest levels. Now is not the time to retreat from our relationship with Ukraine but rather to double down on it. I love your love your show. I have a question 2 questions actually the 1st one is is it possible in this May you know sometimes we just don t see the forest for the trees the Democrats have been so underhanded on so many things and they were running out of ammunition it was looking bad is it possible that there is no whistle blower that the subject has such protection that they would never have to produce one because there were so many layers of protection of a whistleblower that they could just use the subject to begin enough I ask because now they are living away from this phone call and they they re using bribery they re going into this they re get into that it s almost like somebody said hey here s a subject we can use to open the door to to do all kinds of digging around until we finally find something because that s what they re after that s possible nothing s impossible but the f.b.i. Is investigating the whistleblower right now I don t know if you heard might. Know they listen to part we know that it s a CIA analyst who is affiliated with the Democratic candidate in the White House to the White House so I think there is definitely whistleblower that started it I think basically the booking agent Adam Schiff orchestrated this just like he did the kernel testimony just like he did the Michael Cohen rehearsals so they re all doubt about it but let s just go to the substance of it it s not impeachable this is a resident not to vote for him if you go out like that trump foreign policy I want more traditional if you want to say it s too chaotic then vote for somebody else but. That brings me to my 2nd question I don t want to take up too much your time and folks are waiting I understand that if I understand there s probably no need to educate me it s my understanding that. The offenses that Biden and his son are accused of they can t be investigated because he s running. President know that if the Protect is not true there s no protection there is 0 Ok because they said I heard it on one of the stations that. The question was Why aren t they investigating him for what he did he got. Directly from. Yeah of course you can be investigated the president states he s got some exonerations but not somebody running to be president ited States that means everything around him grabbing a bank and running for president but that was my question for by the way let me just say my question Hunter Biden not only does he have addiction problems I think he just failed a paternity test I guess he want to pretend he says What do you do when you have a paternity test it was confirmed he was the father of the child father of a one woman he just met and that was after he broke up with his brother s ex-wife after leaving his family and now he s married to another woman we have a lot of mysteries with this guy and nobody wants to question him outside certain Republicans and the thing is he didn t deserve that job he also was in the Romania had some other clients Romania a rich guys in Romania representing I think there needs to be an investigation into what is going on with this however. Getting to the bottom of all this is what we re in the middle of this is the last day I believe that the investigative committee will be having this and this is going to go over to the judiciary as we just had Congressman Collins here before so we come back we ll take more your calls at the bottom of the hour Steven Hayes This is the Brian Kilmeade show don t move everybody will have the testimony currently right now we re in between Republicans and Democrats speaking Next up Devon Una s will have a chance the then Steve Kastner the attorney for the Republicans and then I ll go and then they ll get their 45 minutes and then we ll go 555 and 5 this is the Brian Kilmeade. You re with Brian Kilmeade. Say such security triple team traffic got a crush on I 4 westbound on the exit ramp to the Turnpike you got a right lane blocked on that ramp I m Ed Torrance News 96.5 w d b o. No to the things you need to treat me morning at Kennedy Space Center Boeing s 1st star lot of crew capsule made a trip just a few miles from the factory over to the launch pad it s going to be raised to top an Atlas 5 rocket for liftoff next month s elections police and others in Orange County in Orlando specifically are looking for 2 guys who kidnapped a person at gunpoint and forced him to drive to an a.t.m. That had been at the b.b. And t. And Michigan Street in Orange Avenue one testifying today in the public impeachment hearings Fiona Hill and David Holmes tapi on demand but need to listen uninterrupted. Using technology to get traffic I use weighs in a recipe all over the place technology is great for a lot of things but when you need accurate traffic only News 96.5 w d b o has trouble team traffic Bamberger you approve of. The I fear that if they don t my brow is still closed until I heard your traffic report with traffic Matters Most News 96.5 w. T.v. . Metro the best deal in wireless is on switch to Metro and get one full Amazon Prime membership included every month plus get 2 free phones from top brands like Samsung and l.g. With huge h.d. Screens all with 2 lines for just 90 bucks that s the best deal in wireless only at Metro. Activation fee the corresponding eligible number not currently active on the mobile network active on the train passed on the days before per account or household offers if you can change for dollar knew it was a prime numbers Amazon Prime has drawn on from about you Mr supply store for details and terms and conditions and you re going to love this how. Can a know. We call that cozy look not down this wall rewire it in price and there s a McDonald s in the neighborhood with all the refer. Drinks you love honey you will oh the drink run all who will take it now at McDonald s get a small Macapp a beverage or anything as I said coffee for just $2.00. Limited time only price and participation a very cannot be combined with any other offer come on the on. What percentage didn t need a trainer to guide him through the night. Might need a Kalamazoo Ok mopping the fastest route to Michigan or what if his sleigh could get real time weather can from fair game or Sadie s What s the temperature on the 25th 22 girls who ve tops maybe icing for City of Bones and the u.s. Technology has admitted to flying slaves but it s available to you in the class the g o e or g l c And you can get them all for exceptional price during a Mercedes Benz winter event in the u.s. Command center and now I thought from Geico motorcycle It took 15 minutes to take a spirit animal quiz online please be the cheetah. Be the cheetah. And learn your animal isn t the cheetah but the far less appealing blobfish. Come on to add insult to injury you could have used those 15 blobfish minutes to switch your motorcycle insurance to Geico Geico 15 minutes could save you 15 percent or more on motorcycle insurance just in time for sizzling spring week now through Sunday November 17th get a free $49.00 inch l.g. 4 k. T.v. When you least the next think you plus dual screen for just $15.00 for a month that s right a free t.v. Furry in this offer won t last long visit your local Sprint store now through November 17th and take advantage of this offer while supplies last $50.00 a month for 61 percent better to buy into those who are seeking the p.c. Line activation approved credit if you cancel early remain down to sleep stack T.V. s being hard on the immigration ship from algae not available in stores have picked up the 30 our commission for your strictures of. Introducing the Capital One Walmart rewards card earn unlimited 5 percent back on everything you buy at Wal-Mart online it s the perfect card for all your family s hands this holiday season like 5 percent back on the air fire Grandpa told you about when he fell asleep in his chair who for our Amy s or 5 percent back on the laptop your sister had carolers sing to you about sent over to record a raise the capital one Walmart rewards card earned unlimited rewards including 5 percent back at Wal-Mart on line what s in your wallet terms and exclusions applying Capital One getting up there is well we at the debate last night which was really without any major story except for Mayor Pete really didn t do much damage and Joe Biden kind of again he threw in the street the last 45 minutes for Democrats to think they can bet on him is nuts but we ll say David Holmes is out there we have Fiona Hill is out there David Holmes was talking about what he felt was going on with Rudy Giuliani and he talked about the main reason he is there and that was because he has this great hearing to be able to hear phone calls both sides on a cell phone even though it s pressed to your ear I m not saying it s not true I m just saying I ve never experienced it and I will add this twice Senator Lindsey Graham has walked in talking to the president and I had no idea. And I listen to rule Lindsey side but I could not hear the other side so here is Holmes describing a phone call they got him from Senate today cut 31 asked for silence phone was not on speaker phone I could hear the president s voice through it your piece of the phone the president s voice was loud and recognizable and as for song one held the phone away from his ear for a period of time presumably because of the loud volume I heard bastard Stalin greet the president and explain he was calling from cave I heard President Trump and clarify that a better song was in Ukraine Masterson replied Yes he was in Ukraine and went on to state the president the Lansky quote loves or asked I don t or President Trump ask so he s going to do the investigation master song replied that he s going to do it adding it presents the Lenski will do anything I asked him to do even though I did not take notes of these statements I had a clear recollection that these statements were made and Godzilla did I have but said I don t really remember it like that meanwhile field a hill quite eloquent in describing Russia what they re up to and why we might have fallen victim to it innocently cut 44 This is exactly what the Russian government was hoping for is to see to misinformation they seem to have everybody questioning the legitimacy of the presidential candidates be it President temple potentially President Clinton that they would pick one side as a lecturer so I can see how this would take one policy against the other and that s why I want to make such a strong point at the very beginning. The only help can listen to be d.b.o. And or Mond beach can I hope to see you Saturday at 7 We ll tell you mine. It Brian 1st time on time that you know what to do i get i you re your earlier in the field so you think we re likely to stay out of Ukraine yes. Yeah but and unless they would see if they would see that as a sign of guilt I would think if they keep by not just letting go keep his hands tight to look at. Well number one I don t know what you do in the Ukraine when dust settling he doesn t speak Ukrainian his business is here so he s still over there he s going back over he s still investigating Ken this is a total self-inflicted wound everything the president s curious about he has a reason to be curious about but the fact that it was below the wire working with his own lawyer in to end defiance of the State Department and other people the president put there that caused this whole thing gritty Giuliani might be victim of this information from Russia or the Ukrainians how the heck do you know it is basically that the hub of it if there is something there let s do an investigation you have which seems to be by almost all accounts this president Ukraine is the real deal with him cooperate with our professional investigators if you want to routed to monitor it do it but we have f.b.i. And CIA in d.i.i. To go ahead and do it and if this is a true reformer he ll work with us to find out what happened in 2016 the fact that he did that the mayor is still over there we re still investigating I think is a is a is a error. Why not just letting go and just giving him some low level bank bill to look at I just see that lot of sin calling out. What president really said nothing was wrong and him not going back there never to the to the left is going to say something stopped now. I can hope to see Saturday 7 and will be signed Sam used in the Alamo Avengers if you want more more details in Orlando Brian Kilmeade dot com Fred listen i k n t r in Arizona Fred. How are you doing Brian I think some things we have to recognize is that your training in Supreme Court trial that its own citizens were I m awfully involving themselves in the 26th in election legally mass race judicata that s a form of government action taken by another government. What have I can t believe Dr Hill and Mr Holmes also believe there was no unlawful activity on the part of Mr part of the. Presence of Vice President I m. All right and he actually committed a crime in his actually he actually did get a quid pro quo he did Mildred s my was being examined and he was on Fred Fred thanks bill essentially and I asked him in Virginia Beach Bill. I think there s more going on here and he just what we know I think and several of the witnesses have said and they kind of hinted that it was that the president was going outside of State Department regulations or guidelines of all. President you say 4. Days got to communicate though he s got to communicate it is to tell everyone to go to Rudy I thought was a huge mistake everybody from my campaign on down nobody supported it they want to long with the because the president told them to there are systems in place this is not impeachable this is a waste of time but the president allowed this to happen by not following some protocols he could have got his investigation as well as avoided a this controversy that we could have had the u.s. Embassy a. He says news maybe 6.5 w d b o Orlando turns 1st for breaking news traffic 24 hours a day is a good start it s now gorgeous gorgeous morning thank you to my listeners who sent in some open mikes about the weather I can t wait to play those in a 2nd 1130 a News 96.5. Top national story updates today s public impeachment hearing in d.c. There s been a lot of movement this morning let me catch up a former National Security Council expert on Russia testifies today reporter Erin Kotecki says she makes it clear any suggestions that Ukraine was somehow involved in election interference in 2016 are not true Fiona Hill took aim at Republicans who have argued President Trump had legitimate concerns about Ukraine interference in the 26000 election this is a fictional novices that has been tapped a trace isn t propagated by the Russian security services themselves president Trump s former top advisor on Russia testified on the final day of impeachment hearings before the House Intelligence Committee and she implored members not to let domestic politics get in the way of defending the United States from foreign adversaries Erin Kotecki a.b.c. News tap the Jamie of preborn in Iraq for his summary he s in the hearing room right now they ve actually taken a break so yes get ready to send me a report for news at noon which I ll play for you tap the open mike button to react but I d rather hear your thoughts on the weather since it is. So gorgeous News 96.570 d.b.o. Orlando turns 1st for severe weather I m chillen when it s Newsbeat are all just Brian Shields a high today round 76 beautiful weather coming up we re tracking the changes a front will bring us for this weekend Good morning I m Jeanne Wexler Let s hear from some of you I could bottle up a high 75 low 50 to 365 days a year the weather here in central Florida is absolutely perfect never should be working today we should be fishing with our kids it s perfect it s so nice outside today I think I m going to go way work I have to work out how that coincidence right there between those 2 open mikes I don t think they know each other 75 degrees to 76 depending on where you are in central Texas. Over on the Cape following Starliner capsule is on the move the capsule taking a slow crawl this morning from its hangar at Kennedy Space Center to launch pad 41 just a few miles away at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station wants the Starliner reaches the launch pad a crane will lift it and connected atop an Atlas 5 rocket NASA is paying Boeing $5000000000.00 to design and build the capsule to transport astronauts to and from the International Space Station However this is for an unmanned test flight to the I assess scheduled for December 17th if all goes to plan the Starliner could begin ferrying astronauts next year. 96.5 to get a lot more news for you 28 minutes until we catch up on everything on News at Noon 1132 at News 96.5. These 2 musicians play the same instrument one is a rock the other 2 is more romantic They may sound nothing alike but they re in total harmony when it comes to breakfast at McDonald s whether you play hot licks or can t play a lick together we breakfast get into the groove with a $1.00 any seismic cafe premium roast coffee only at McDonald s your morning starts. Limited time only a participating McDonald s cannot be combined with any other off. What if Santa didn t need a trainer to guide him through the night. Might lead to Kalamazoo Ok mopping the fastest route to Michigan or what if his sleigh could get real time weather can from the Mercedes What s the temperature 20 for this 22 degrees move tops maybe icing for citizens and the u.s. Technology has admitted to flying sleighs but it s available to you in the class the g o e or g.l.c. And you can get them all for exceptional price during a Mercedes Benz weather event and the u.s. Can then simulate You can t wait to get something great this holiday get to baby this Friday cozy and stylish flannel shirts for the family are on sale just 9 bucks for adults 8 bucks for kids but hurry it s Friday only old baby and old Baby dot com valid 1122 select styles only excludes gift of the week one of life Joyce is getting more when you least expect it doesn t happen a lot but it can happen with your health care coverage if you have both Medicaid and original Medicare you could be getting even more benefits with a Humana dual eligible special needs Medicare Advantage plan even if you already have Medicaid or other state benefits you can get the Medicare benefits you may need plus more like prescription drug coverage doctor s visit and hospital coverage and rights to your doctor some plans may also offer dental vision transportation and hearing aid coverage on the one convenient plan if you have both Medicaid and Medicare call unlicensed Humana sales agent to see if you qualify 180-833-1639 extension 8 am to 8 pm 7 days a week that s 180-833-1639 sponsored by Humana medical planning and state of Florida Agency for Health Care Administration Well here we are one week from Thanksgiving and I have a message from all whole by Scott and as here for all by you can trust the good folks at all by what they re always going to pay you the max for your quality pre own vehicle even if you have a payoff. You know it all go by they re always upfront they re always transparent and they love to keep things simple with their 20 minute signature no hassle offer to buy all by the most convenient way to sell your quality pre-owned vehicle just visit we pay the Max dot com and schedule your auto by appointment today that s on a bike that we pay the Max dot com to young children no job and no return team to get well desperate for help we need the best out of. The job training program now has a career she loves and can afford over on the West for good will none of this. When you get to the dollars and don t and I m going to run programs to people like Stormy. Because where there s good there s a way. Donate today. To pray your washing and watchdog and this is where Orlando turns 1st for breaking news weather and traffic news 965 w. D.b.o. Weather like you but you is heating and air conditioning picture perfect weather rolls on sunny skies throughout the day staying dry gorge is highs hitting about 76 mild uncomfortable this afternoon then for tonight clear skies cool down to 57 tomorrow a wonderful way to finish up their work week sunny skies on our Friday highs around 78 from Channel 9 when is Tuesday I mean are all just spry and shields and things like security triple team traffic going to few minutes is what I was on I 40 spent between Osceola Parkway and 536 that you got about 10 minutes now from right around Orange Blossom Trail to a 1000000 plays headed into the downtown area westbound just after the brakes at Colonial Drive honesty integrity want to percent satisfaction protect air conditioning a plumbing services online at Protect ac dot com They have a service technician near year with traffic alerts every 6 minutes in the morning when you get to work on time I m at Torrance News $96.00 w. D.b.o. . The Brian Kilmeade show News got a 6.5 w. T.v. . 1st of this committee frequently framed these complicated issues in the form of a simple question Was there a quid pro quo as I testified previously with regard to the requested White House Call and the White House meeting the answer is yes Mr Giuliani conveyed to Secretary Perry ambassador Volcker and others that President Trump wanted a public statement from President Selenski committing to investigations of the response and the 2016 election Mr Giuliani expressed those requests directly to the Ukrainians and Mr Giuliani also expressed those requests directly to us. And that was the Gordon son yesterday and of course we have to fact witnesses today Fiona Hill and we also are watching some more David Holmes who ve both gave impressive opening statements Stephen Hayes is with us now he s the same Steven Hayes who s the founder of the dispatch and he s preparing his 1st ever Christmas party which I imagine Him and Jonah Goldberg will split 5050 correct because your co partners make it your own again for the whole thing right there there s going to be friction and that s not how you get a lot. We play that yesterday that was the moment early the Republicans push back late instead what are you assuming what are you presuming and I believe you are back at square square one what do you think. The I mean I think the I think it s Republicans have been moved off of their early sort of absolute declaration that there was no quid pro quo I think it s very clear from Gordon John was testimony but also from the testimony that we ve heard from 4 others 3 others under oath and 2 others just in speaking including the acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney that there was a quid pro quo that there was a trade I mean Mulvaney said it in his in his press briefing he later walked it back but I think it as Corden John said yesterday 2 plus 2 equals 4 in this instance and I think that s a look at. Where this is going can you can you take a step back and judging by I mean we pretty much know and it s Fiona Hill very impressive hard be hard for me to think that David Holmes is politically oriented to be honest so having said that they re going to go round and round and say What do you know what do you assume. To me this does not seem impeachable they moved the judiciary then they moved to the Senate is this way it s going to go Steve. Yeah I think you know it is absence of sort of blockbuster testimony from somebody like John Paul if John Bolton says look I wasn t involved any questions to put course we were talking about a quid pro quo on military aid of course President trumpet the one who is driving the decision making it s a proper It s one of the reasons I resigned I think if you had. Testimony like that from John Bolton who obviously can t be dismissed as an ever trucker and too low that each state or a Democratic partisan and acts that kind of thing that could change the thinking of Republicans on Capitol Hill I m not sure even that would get 20 Republicans. But I think it would be a pretty serious allegation and I do think that these are serious allegations that we re talking about and I think the main contours of the original story line to not denied by people in and around the president turned out to be true and I do think the president that groovy and person of Rudy Giuliani with help from truly Giuliani was trying to use the power of the office and very likely used $400000000.00 American taxpayer money to get a foreign ally to investigate and domestic political I think that basic story line is true and way to interesting to me that the Republican seems sort of untroubled by that or seeing that I think that. Because unless you don t believe that Ukraine had anything to do with 2016 election meddling unless you don t believe which by the way you have this guy Ken Vogel in the political story from 2017 I mean there s reason to believe that there is a reasonably that sentiment and as he went over there for a reason told to cooperate the most reports so the president got this curiosity if he did it the traditional way and he put his envoy in there and say I m going to put my attorney in there to investigate what happened in 2016 there s no problem the problem is you look at Joe Biden as his adversary but no one s saying what the people are saying is 2020 it s really about 2016 and the president be relentless to find out what went on he believes they re out to get him so he wants to pursue what s happening there and he said Rudy Giuliani to do and I think they re on to something and this gets up ended do you think looking into what happened 2016 is out of the president s purview. I don t I don t at all I think I would make distinctions within 2016 and I would disagree with you on 20 twentieth s I think that it s totally appropriate for the president to. On a full accounting of what happened 2016 I think the American taxpayer should demand it I m satisfied with the findings of the u.s. Intelligence community that found that Russia was the main actor in the 2016 election or fans so by the way are my Pompei own who has said that he believes the assessment is true Tina Haskell Absolute s director of CIA They all say that Russia was the big problem yes I think the president wants answers some of the questions that he s asked about 2016 are I think are legitimate others are not others are crazy conspiracy theories I didn t mention Probst read in the chamber in the July 21st call with President So let s get I think that s a conspiracy theory I think it s utterly without merit I wouldn t pursue that even if you will allow for the fact that there are legitimate questions and 2016 is a legitimate place to inquire there are ways to do it you know these mutual assistance treaties that existed with allied countries for years for decades who have but they have we would contribute Gine in the 1990 s. Thank you is one why not use that but doesn t this strike you this is Craig you is one this is like a did you hear what happened with the prison Ukraine their dear investigating that the oversight committees investigating that to me this is the reason if you don t like his foreign policy you don t vote for him you go rebuke if you want to censor but to go through this round by round by round of. Well let s see if this is impeachable Ted have not found one lawmaker on or off camera off mike that has changed their mind about supporting or or pushing back in the present what had you know any Republican that s been converted Yeah I don t know Republicans have been converted I mean I ve certainly talked to someone who are very concerned about what the president doesn t grow more concerned what the president did and what his team did and more concerned with more of these revelations I mean I think most Republicans you talk to again on Iraq camera are saying I m not going to weigh in there s a number of in large saying I m going to defend the president that I m sort of better what if there are others who are saying I m it s not the way and others who are focused on the process but let me let me go back to real quickly if I can to that 22020 question I don t there s any doubt that the president wanted an investigation of 2020 Rudy Giuliani said to the New York Times in a May 9th front page a full article in what respect he said he was going to meddle in. The investigations on behalf of his client Donald Trump in Ukraine to look at the Biden and look at what they had done and then he was tweeting about this over the course of the summer 202020 talking about 20 top Well I mean at the time Joe Biden was even before he announced the presumptive Democratic front runner in the 2020 race I think that s highly relevant to why really Giuliani was doing what he s doing Steve I think that a huge leap and here s why if you go by his purview wasn t as vice president in charge of Ukraine nobody disputes that and if you want to find out what happened in 2016 well who is overseeing all aspects of Ukraine for the Obama s tracing Joe Biden and his son sits there that something needs to be investigated sure the dispatch you guys going to look into that. That that does something you should be explored what Joe Biden s son was doing on that and was it something so really but it was a. Eric Holder I believe this if Eric Holder was in charge of overseeing Ukrainian affairs for President Obama which would sat out the real possibility even though he s out of the administration last 2 years then I think the president would be just as going after that I don t think it s a matter of Joe Biden being the person I think it s a matter of Joe Biden being a potential opponent if he gets through the primaries I think it s a matter of the president saying what the heck did you do to put political i.e. D. s in my way for the past 3 years and he believes a lot of that diffusion g.p.s. And a lot of the sources came from there and whether was mad afore that mentioned to him in the past or Rudy Giuliani who he trusts he keeps telling him but that s what it s about less than Joe Biden is going to be my opponent and more of that s part of the Obama straight in the tried to destroy me. Yeah I mean I guess we re just meters agree to disagree I think it s not an incidental fact that Joe Biden was the presumptive 2020 nominee and you know you and I talked about this before and I think that that came around President Trump was very concerned that Joe Biden would be the eventual Democratic nominee I think they were most concerned about facing Joe Biden on one race now this debate performances and the other gaffes that may not happen anyway. But I think they were concerned about that I think it s relevant Look if you just look at that I mean maybe there s a gap here between Rudy Giuliani and President Trump on motivations if you just look at what Rudy Giuliani told the New York Times in May. This past this past spring he said I m doing these investigations on behalf of my client and maybe they ll end up being useful for our government I mean that s just the wrong way to of course there are formal ways tech to investigate absolute truth and I agree with you that there are questions and I think the underbite and thing stinks to high heaven I don t believe that conspiracies about the firing of prosecutor I thing. Those are wrong based on everything I ve read based on all the people I ve talked to about it but I think just to smear fact itself is soft corruption that has been we need to long tolerated in Washington d.c. That allows the son of a vice president of United States to make 83000 bucks a year or 50000 bucks a year depending on when you plead to sit on a pumping in a country where he has no experience in an industry where you has no relevant experience that is in and of itself the definition of softer option and it s not acceptable corruption either I think it s something that deserves to be called deserves to be investigated of course Republicans that say if they were in this trouble by it back in that time frame they could have investigated at that time a controlled Congress at the time they could have launched these investigations at the time and didn t I just think this is a total self-inflicted wound if you want to put it George Mitchell like envoy into an area to investigate announce it roll them out might put up a was a press conference Rudy is going to help us out investigating he s got a 30 year 20 year track record of doing some great work we think he can excel in this area and this way there s nobody has to discover you and it s just a totally self-inflicted wound at the very least the administration has to say if they get another 4 years this can t happen they have to get this straight when it comes to foreign policy there s too much at stake to do you think going into question about that did you think there might be a reason that they didn t do it in that sort of public aggressive open way I mean I think there might have been a reason that they were doing it that way good dating well before when the Giuliani talked to New York I mean he was trying to raise this as an issue eventually I mean you know was in hiding it even took place in the well there was a lot of activity that took place before he went public if you look back at the reporting on what Rudy Giuliani was doing with our. I mean some of that stuff as it is I think I m certain it will learn more about about it as we see the legal investigation go forward and we learn more about it through courting but I think there s more to this which I think there s a reason attention that it didn t go public and say here s why we want to to announce this big investigation but it would have been by far the group entirely by far the better way to approach to handle that was something that a couple of things really I was on so much a tough me ramble was on the air and off the air but he wasn t whispering it he actually would bring up the Ukraine in the middle of the mall investigation and I think that on some level the president was looking to get offensive and say How the heck did I end up under Russian probe when I don t believe anything to do with Russia Well a lot of this has to do with the something coming out of the Ukraine so he was trying to get on the offensive with an investigation to get Rudy was an idea and proof of that is all these people testifying were all told go through Rudy and I were like Don t tell anybody now one person said Whatever you do go through Rudy but don t tell the press everybody saying go through Rudy but there was no confidentiality in it so to me we re almost thinking too much on something that wasn t given that much thought in this whole thing and now we re being examining it and bottom line is people think in America don t really care I care more about Ukraine as a potential democracy and not falling back to the Russian orbit and Fiona Hill statement I know you were in a meeting earlier and the statements by by David Holmes That s their goal and that s my hope that we get through yes and we understand we got to back these guys up and President Obama didn t and this image Gratian did but they held it up and now it s going by bottom line is this guy s Alinsky seems like the real deal there s great hope there we told them when they get word of their new. We got them back they got rid of the nukes they lost Crimea and they lost 2 major chunks of their country and 13000 people at the very least can we stop the bleeding. And then we in the Obama administration collectively shrug our shoulders I mean it. Totally appropriate to take evil lot of blame on the Obama administration for being unwilling in the context of their failed reset to actually take on glad I m here in a way that that we ought to take it months before the recess before for the field research and I think it s to the credit of the trumpet illustration that they have at least on some levels. Crane increased. Power I have concerns about the way that that support was held up by concerns about when and why it was eventually released. I think it s it s we re better off that we re now so supplying that support and not. Hey this is why I get the dispatch and yet Jonah pays for the Christmas party which I find on the other t.v. The dispassionate Goldberg and the founder of the dispatched even Hayes thanks so much Steve. Thank you 186-408-7661. Expanding your knowledge base he s frightened kill me the. Basic security triple team traffic on I 40 eastbound from Osceola Parkway to 535 for about 10 minutes than a few minutes in both directions downtown here Claudio I m at Torrance News 96.5 w d v e o. T c $330.00 morning at Kennedy Space Center Boeing s 1st star lot of crew capsule made a trip just a few miles from the factory over to the launch pad it s going to be raised to top an Atlas 5 rocket for liftoff next month after police and on. There s in Orange County in Orlando specifically are looking for 2 guys who kidnapped a person at gunpoint and forced him to drive to an a.t.m. That happened at the b.b. And t. At Michigan St in Orange Ave. The public impeachment hearings Fiona Hill when David Holmes the ondemand to listen uninterrupted. This. News 96 point. 6. 7 am privileged. To. Lose 96 point. 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Limited time price and participation a Barrington or any other offer from a foreign policy came from your recent careless statement about how Us president be willing to send our troops to Mexico to fight the cartels that is outlandish even by the standards of today s poll Are you saying that you didn t say that I was talking about us Mexico cooperation do you seriously think anybody on this stage is proposing invading Mexico that s not talking about liberal So that was told to Gabbert sparring with the mayor P.D. s today and Mayor Pete says you got to collaborate with the Mexicans to take out the cartels like we didn t Colombia that is the right policy tells the average fan but he got the worst of that and he got back at her by saying should we meet with our enemies like you met with Assad she came he came back in d. Basically said no so they differ there guys just to tell you that I ll be in the couple places I ll be signing Samuel and the Alamo Avengers special thanks to everyone who came to do as town last night in St Louis tomorrow night I ll be the same shows city library it s sold out but at the end of the night I ll be able to sign people s books if you want to wait the village is on Saturday $130.00 points at all but Orlando then I ll be in Orlando Saturday at 7 The writer s block bookstore and in Jacksonville the southern swells So thanks everyone listening listen we re going to be able to close out the week by listening to those of the aftermath of homes of the aftermath of Sunderland some of the aftermath of what the president has to say in response to all this and there is something going on I understand believe it or not that Robert lied hisor is me with anti Ploesti if they put the Us m.c.a. 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Orts he allegedly provided Miller with fake oxy code on pills days before his death 28 year old Cameron James Pettit was arrested Wednesday morning in Los Angeles if convicted he faces up to 20 years in federal prison prosecutors say that he supplied MacMiller with fake oxycodone that really contain the more powerful synthetic opioid fentanyl padded also allegedly gave the rapper cocaine and Xanax Miller died a year ago last September the L.A. Coroner said that he died of an accidental overdose have fentanyl cocaine and alcohol MacMiller released 5 albums his debut reached number one on the Billboard 200 honest as he did circus N.P.R. News New York. Asian markets are trading higher at this hour the Nikkei the main market in Japan is up 1.4 percent the Asia dollar is up about 7 tenths of a percent crude oil prices higher by the bell up 4 and a half percent I m Janine Herbst N.P.R. News in Washington Support for N.P.R. Comes from N.P.R. Stations other contributors include the limos and foundation committed to improving lives through invention in the U.S. And in developing countries and working to inspire and the Nabl the next generation of inventors more information is available at limos and dot org. Support for gay he s a you come from Santa Cruz Tire and Auto Care a family own full service automobile maintenance and repair shop located at the corner of So Cal Avenue and Highway one in the big white building with yellow trim Santa Cruz tire dot com and from wild fish restaurant in Pacific Grove presenting live jazz from Andrea Carter and friends every Friday evening this month in featuring local wild caught fish organic farm produce in a variety of gluten free items open for dinner at 5 nightly. I m Marco Werman this is the world the aerial footage we re now seeing from the Bahamas is astonishing. The most desperate residents stranded on rooftops homes hospitals other public buildings and an airport under water entire neighborhoods that look like they ve been put through a wood chipper hurricane Dorian is one of the most powerful storms ever recorded in the Atlantic the prime minister of the Bahamas Hubert menace said some parts of his country have been decimated communications are also down throughout much of the Bahamas we spoke with everyone 2 days ago on Monday he told us that he hadn t heard from his family including his 12 year old daughter in a box one of the island s hardest hit by hurricane Dorian we managed to get through to Eddie again today through his whatsapp account he s the chairman of the Bahamas Air and Sea Rescue Association in Grand Bahama I asked him if he s been in touch with his loved ones I have heard just sort of the grapevine that they are OK but as far as physically talking to anybody you know I. Will keep our hopes for them up we also know that Grandmama just in terms of infrastructure and damage was one of the hardest hit islands in the Bahamas What are you seeing today. Hi Ed are you there RINGBACK. Hi Eddie it s Mark again I think we just got cut off yeah what s up his hit nest that s OK we ll keep going until we get as many questions as we can ask in terms of just sheer damage to the islands your Grand Bahama it was hit pretty hard What have you been seeing today not total destruction but probably 80 percent of the flood was our biggest concern which is our biggest problem as well just the flood flood we had people in homes some people who drowned I didn t in their attics and we re talking about 2 story buildings in some cases that the water just kept rising and rising and people were 10 foot ceilings in their homes or in the attics and the water just came up and certain areas I mean beyond that I can t really talk about it without getting choked up for the most part but. But I was recited Megan I would have to work you have to do what you have to do but that s human part of me. My sister in Albuquerque lost her home my nephew lost their home and his family my daughter again I haven t spoken with her I say every time I think about her as you just mentioned her name or talk about her it s choking me up until I can hear her voice or at least talk to her on whatsapp or some sort of communication any sort whatsoever I be happy with but right now I m runaround I m actually you caught me right now walking into what we call the command emergency center obviously Bastrop I m going to meet with the Minister of Gram Bahama mystic basically. Don Cornish are on an administrator and several other people right now and the government to try and formulate what we re going to do how we re going to do it how we re going to get some food supplies over here how we treat a lot of people who ve lost their homes the last primary everything they have other than what they are wearing it s a bad case here and grab a Hama and I can only just imagine Abaco because there are 50 times worse than us well let s start with the very basics and that s just rescuing people who have survived the storm I mean I know on Monday you were trying to get people out but I mean did the storm mean that you had to suspend rescue operations we did when it became possible and probable to do it without risking other human life the rescuers to rescue people then yes we had to hold off and stand down for a couple hours here in a couple hours there but revert to a we re out there at times we should not have been out there the winds were $16180.00 and we had someone ninety s even We ve got record of $200.00 when we were down and around 100 miles an hour we went out we went out in chat. That s OK he s he s great. RINGBACK OK here we go again yeah yeah so you want stand somewhere that s good that s OK you are saying any that you you had to stop rescue operations for an hour or 2 here and there but you were saying that you had to continue yes we continued around 100 baht an hour we did what we could do right up to dark last night this morning it s primarily the water has subsided most of it s gone for the most part and we are rescuing people who are but it s not it s kind of search and rescue now is just going out grabbing them because water as has subsided quite a bit I mean I almost gone you know but now we re looking at the reality of what actually happened afterwards as you head into this meeting at he would have Fishelson Grand Bahama What is the plan I mean what are you thinking in terms of next steps for rescue. Rescue were pretty well looked after that the rescue part of it quote rescue looked after now it s to start to meet the demands of the population to feed them maybe close the ones who don t have close right now food and then some shelter for the people who have but where I m walking in to start with right now we got to find out we re going to have shipping service fired up again out of Florida to Freeport air and ocean and I got to find out when the ports going to open when the airports open and when you know when so want to so forth with them not doing. I ve been in communication with Coast Guard now so the government liaison officer. There look after Abaco So my personal main focus is grandmama Well you re clearly very busy I can hear that and I don t want to take too much of your time but I was just looking at a supply list published by the Bahamian Ministry of Foreign Affairs things needed like 2000 blankets 500 port a potties How will you be able to receive this material though at the airport is completely submerged. We have a harbor here that we have a tropical ship and sails here Mediterranean ship and sails here on the small sherry out of La Fort Lauderdale called the Larry sails here we have we have kind of the ocean transport to make it happen the air is only dire emergency get in here now food supplies like stuff you know that you can put on airplanes What about drinking water and presumably a lot of the water right now is contaminated it could be we haven t I haven t secured that information yet but no we have wells here that are fairly good we might be OK in the water department we feel like we will be but again I won t know that until I walk into this meeting right now. A final question so many discouraging reports from people on the islands where are you finding hope right now where Christian Community Christian nation you know 3 we re very religious and God s our support and he s it s you know by his grace that I m even on this phone call with you right now because I was out in some of that those conditions rescuing people personally it is with His grace that we re going to follow and we re going to stick with it as well as his will is what happened has happened that we have to move forward. And he won the chairman of the Bahamas Air and Sea and Rescue Association on the ground in Grand Bahama Eddie a lot of people are thinking of you and your family and the people the Bahamas thank you for sharing your time with us we appreciate your insight so much. Any time thank you. Dorian is now sending dangerous storm surges up the East Coast of the U.S. People in parts of Florida Georgia and the Carolinas have been warned of life threatening storm surges in the next few days everyone stay safe. Today Hong Kong s chief executive Kerry Lamb took to the airwaves and finally said the words that millions there wanted to hear the government will formally with troll the bill the bill that s the extradition bill that would have allowed people facing trial in Hong Kong to be tried in courts in mainland China and the protesters one of the bill to be withdrawn it s something they demanded months ago so doing it now too little too late not good enough now too little too late that s the World s Patrick when our reporter who s been in Hong Kong covering the protests he says when it comes to appeasing the protesters the bill isn t even a blip on their radar they have 5 core demands and this is just one of them getting rid of this bill the other demands 1st Kerry lamb Hong Kong s chief executive has to go she might actually be OK with that a leaked recording of lamb speaking privately reveal that she really really wants to step down but publicly she says she s staying put a 2nd demand the word riots not OK by Kerry Lamb says it doesn t really matter what they re called legally at least we have explained that in fact there is no legal effect on how such incidents described 3rd demand all charges against protesters must be dropped Lamb says sorry that one is out of our hands it also goes against a basic law which stakes the. Criminal prosecutions must be handled by the Department of Justice free from any interference and finally one more big demand one of the World s Patrick Quinn says is where protesters are putting all their energy their main focus is on police brutality they are really disgusted with the Hong Kong police force they thought that they were a force that looked after Hong Kong people and now they feel they ve been co-opted so they really want an independent investigation into police brutality and Nat s what could actually send protesters back home and get them out of the streets Kerry Lamb did say today that individual complaints against police have been handled and there s going to be a fact finding study on all of this but a big independent investigation looking into police brutality it s not happening at least not right now so the Hong Kong protests that have recently turned violent and destructive people are telling Patrick when those will continue they re going to be out this weekend they are going to be going full throttle they do not consider this to be any sort of concession so today s announcement that people in Hong Kong won t be extradited to Chinese courts when says the protest movement just isn t about that anymore in fact he says it might never have been about the bill in the 1st place if it wasn t this bill it would have been something there is this general angsty in Hong Kong that it s being absorbed by China and that the rules of China will apply to Hong Kong the rules of China are say whatever you want you can go to whatever website that you want and then Hong Kong it s a more liberal open free society and this is just general nks that s in the air that is exploded and this bill was the match that set it off set it off there s no doubt about that. OK if you re a man and on the short side and you ve got some French under your belt the remote island of St Helena may have a gig for you the British territory is right in the middle of the South Atlantic and it s looking for a napoleon impersonator Yeah Bonaparte not dynamite we re talking French dictators here so Napoleon his final exile was to Saint Lena Island it was in $1815.00 that he was exiled here and he died here in $821.00 Justin Green works for a saint holiness tourism office next month the island will kick off a series of events leading up to the bison 10 array of Napoleon s death. We will be looking for an impasse an agent who dresses Napoleon just to add a little flavor to the events that are holding Yeah I think it will add a lot of flavor I m surprised that there hasn t been on St Helena a napoleon impersonator before we did have one this suit that we have is actually custom made to him but unfortunately him and his family relocated to the U.K. This year so that s why now we re looking for a new impersonator who is going to be the ideal candidate for the job. So we ve been looking for somebody who is obviously interested in Napoleon somebody who fits the seed of Islam. And who s you know well into to play the role really just be willing to engage with the local community and I visit says at these events have you gotten a lot of applications we ve had quite a few actually from quite a few places in the world that we were not expecting at all the ads that went out locally on social media to try and get you know as much reach locally as possible and and as gun international So just in aside from playing dress up every day as Napoleon during this bicentennial What are some of the benefits of living on the island of St Alina I mean we think of violence as a tropical paradise yet we don t have white sandy beaches but St Alina is quite unique with that subtropical weather all year round we ve got some of the best whale shark diving around it s just an incredible pace I know I m a bit biased but I freely. So you ve also got a napoleon Museum in St Helena is that a popular draw for tourists yes it is quite popular we it is actually is pretty is resident while his last residence on the island long would have we also have his tomb when he was 1st buried before they exhumed his body he was examined and then taken back to Paris right yes that s right. Justin Green with the St Helena tourism office if you want to apply for the Napoleon impersonator gig you ve got until September 27th Justin thanks so much for your time thank you many people expect refugees to be grateful for getting a fresh start in America but what happens when they re not grateful that s coming up on the world. Support for K.Z. You comes from California American Water the Monterey Peninsula is water provider California American Water is committed to meeting state and federal water quality standards local water quality reports at California am water dot com and from Seymour Marine discovery center Santa Cruz presenting kelp forest resiliency life after sea urchin grazing Science Sunday lecture September 15th kelp forest recovery in an urchin transformed world details at Seymour Center dot U.C.S.C. Dot edu. MARCO WERMAN You re with the world immigrants are often expected to express thanks to their host country and most do now thank God I am very happy because they landed in America just once a thank you to all the American people that support us this is the 1st and our left where we welcome and you guys are so high when immigrants are critical of their new home though there can be outrage you know Mark has an awful lot to be grateful for but she isn t grateful not at all but Dina NY Ari has some very different views now area was born in Iran and moved to the U.S. When she was 10 she says she took a risk naming her new book The ungrateful refugee that s because gratitude is complex for immigrants every single refugee is absolutely full of it every single day they feel gratitude toward every small moment but it it s a very private thing and the thing that I wanted to argue against is the compelling of gratitude posturing toward the native born again of this feeling that emigrants get that they should go through their lives constantly bowing constantly showing their thanks to people who had really very little to do with their rescue I think it s just this thing that happens you know slowly after arrival people start to tell their stories in ways that feel a little bit like posturing a little bit like the it or in order to show you know how lucky that they feel and then they continue on always holding their tongue when they want to participate maybe in the political process and as they go through their lives they you know create this kind of theater gratitude theater assimilation theater and it s not giving their real selves to their new lives which would be what s best for them and for the people that are receiving them and for everyone do you know what is your own immigrant story and when did you start to observe this burden of gratitude as you put it in your book well I arrived from Iran after 2 years as a refugee those 2 years were spent in refugee camps and you know in hostels in various situations I had. Been a smart academic kid from a respected family they were doctors we had very full lives and I had expected once this ordeal was over once we were settled in a new place to just find my place again in school to have my mother find her place again as you know a doctor and to be respected people in society again but my mother had to work in a factory she couldn t get her license back there were language issues and there was all of this hostility toward the Middle East and I think people were a little bit afraid of us and then when they learned that we were Christians who had found asylum in the States they were more accepting but they were always kind of wanting to hear her story in a certain way you know as then we were rescued by America we were so lucky we had been so wrong before when we were Muslims and then we found the right way there s this moment and I think you just moment not long after you arrive in Oklahoma and there s a woman there who hears her story she sums it up by saying you came here for a better life and you re really you re miffed by that yes our life in Iran was wonderful we had a village that we would go to every weekend full of orchards and hills and we would hike and swim and my family had been there for hundreds of years we were happy because we were with our family and the people that we loved in a language in which we could communicate we were respected but then circumstances made us have to escape and we ended up in Oklahoma much MUCH for in much more difficult circumstances and what was it felt very insulting to have somebody say you must have come for a better life because that meant that America by itself was better that you know being a poor person in a tiny apartment in Oklahoma was better than being a doctor s child in Esfahan and that s not the case to gain acceptance for asylum in the U.S. There are some pretty absurd requirements and the asylum story the actual narrative of why you need to be in the United States really has to stand out what do you tell . Make for a successful asylum story and how do these criteria differ between the United States versus for example the Netherlands you do need a story full of detail and full of particular kinds of memory and the trouble is a lot of people when they escape they don t store the kinds of memories that asylum officers want let s say you re in a car accident your car hits that pole and suddenly remember the bag of chips flying across the air in the way the oil from the chip smelled because your sensors are so very on but the part of you that is storing contextual information actually gets really really weak in those moments of trauma and that s why when asylum seekers go into their interviews they often can t remember what day it was what time of day how long did it take for them to walk from here to there what was the name of that person who was sitting there with them etc And that s the kind of information that the asylum officers most want and they conduct the interview in these exhausting like 6 hour sessions in which they repeat the same questions again and again in like 2030 minute intervals in order to triple up so that people will give a different answer to the same question down further in the interview and the funny thing about that too is that when people are telling their story and they get asked the same question again they think they ve been misunderstood they think they didn t say enough and they will naturally say something very different so you re saying if you have like a Hollywood level storytelling ability or a photographic memory it could save your life exactly the people who are most in need the people who have left at the last minute who have experienced trauma who ve experienced shame who ve maybe been tortured those people will remember the least will have the patches way of telling the stories will have a lot of cultural shame you know and many of them will have the kind of education that has taught them how to tell a story effectively or how to read another person from another culture and whether or not they re believing you I gather and tell me if I ve got this right but you re actually uncomfortable with how many progressives in this country make a case for immigrants by talking about how they make America great explain that it s get complicated. Because immigrants do add to the economies that they join and they are most always looking to regain their profession to work hard to build their lives and family and that is the truth but the thing that I was saying is that I feel that it s incredibly disingenuous and incredibly selfish for people in several countries to think well what do they give to us you know when people are in danger of losing their lives of losing their families of losing you know their homes how can we sit here and wonder what they could give to us what gives us that right use we as you know Westerners were born lucky even I was born lucky I was born into a middle class family you know so with that luck at birth that accident of birth having put us in this this position of extreme privilege we then look at the people in the countries that were by the way ravaged by our country s desire to gain that resources we look at them and say well what can they possibly give to us or you know back to the question of economic migrant versus refugee have they suffered in exactly the right way are they being opportunists you know it s absurd to me and it s really a narcissistic and your idea that refugees need friendship not salvation is that kind of get what you were just talking about I mean what I think so I think all of it kind of has the central theme of trying to place ourselves kind of on equal footing it s about dignity and about our respective place in a global society so for example if they re refugees coming into your your community and you really truly do see them as you know an equal human being who has had some really bad luck you know 1st of all you re not going to mind them for their story so that you can feel better 2nd of all you re not going to put yourself on the perch of this charity giver and make them feel a lot worse about their situation I think you would change your mindset and try to understand that actually this person wants to be more than anything useful they want to be who they used to be and so what can we do to bring them into our society and make them an equal part of it I think I would really like for the native born to think about what s going. On in the psyche of these newcomers and what they might need and what they might need if they were in their shoes and I think the biggest thing they would need you know aside from shelter and food and all of that is love and dignity they just want to friend deny Aries a new book is The ungrateful refugee what immigrants never tell you Dana thanks very much for being here thank you for having me. News headlines are coming up you re with the world I m Christine Jacobson and I m A K A Z U member I listen to K. A Z U all of my waking hours my day without you would be very boring making a contribution to K.S.C. You is like voting with your dollar you are saying to the world this is worthwhile This is what I want I m Christine Jacobson and I m A K A Z U member and you can join me at K A Z U dot ark. An Israeli comic joked that you d like to marry the crown prince of Saudi Arabia some people took her seriously I went to sleep a very anonymous or manager they got up in the morning everywhere everywhere it was a 3 way Marco Werman to be occupational hazards of a stand up comic in the Middle East still ahead on the world. Coming up next Jim Metzner explores the world through the pulse of the planet with the sounds of science the boys of nature and the cultures of the world. On. A. Rocket Ship. That s the sound of the Space Launch Cape Canaveral one of the reasons to consider this region of Florida as a. Place where you can witness science in action. And this is the pulse of the planet so a lot of people head to Orlando because they want to go to the amusement parks but I think a great thing to do is to drive about an hour away from the city and you go to Cape Canaveral Pauline Frommer News editorial director for the Frommer Guidebooks and from ors dot com The great reason to go there is not only do you see the history of all of these important space launches and a great museum where you see tons of artifacts related to those launches but launches are going on today because Ilan Musk is using Cape Canaveral to do his launches into space and the interesting thing about those launches is you watch them you hear the big sonic boom when the rocket goes out of the atmosphere but all of his launches come back to Earth so a couple of minutes later you hear the sonic boom again as it comes back into the app. Sphere anybody can watch the launches they re usually announced by Cape Canaveral in advance it s a very exciting thing to watch our thanks to Pauline Frommer for information on upcoming launches check out Kennedy Space Center dot com That s Kennedy Space Center dot com We ll hear more about science destinations in future programs I m sure and that s news and this is the pulse of the planet. I m Marco Werman And you re with the world we re co-production of the B.B.C. World Service W G B H P.R.I. N.P.R. X. The U.S. And Iran have been at loggerheads for 40 years but the last 16 months have seen some of the most intense confrontation in May of last year Donald Trump walked away from the Iran nuclear deal and launched a sanctions campaign of maximum pressure the effects on Iran s economy have been crippling Iran has responded with provocations that have helped bring the 2 countries to the brink of military action but the Iranians may now be about to secure a financial lifeline France is offering Iran a $15000000000.00 loan that s probably enough to help Iran hold out till after the U.S. Election next year Robin Wright is a senior fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace at the Woodrow Wilson Institute Robin Why does France want to help Iran right now France has been involved in a quiet behind the scenes set of diplomatic engagement with both the trying to administration and the Iranians to see if they can figure out a way both to get the nuclear negotiations back on track and most importantly to avoid some kind of military action the Europeans in general are still committed to the original nuclear deal brokered by the world s 6 major powers in 2015 and the ideas that $15000000000.00 U.S. Dollars from France will offset the pain of economic sanctions I mean that s going to go against economic sanctions and right will the U.S. Be happy with this move. Well the United States will not be happy but it does come at a very interesting time the French initiative is to try to get both President Trump and President Hassan Rouhani into a single room where they negotiate together and they agree to something bigger than the the nuclear deal but in the run up to that meeting both Iran and the United States are taking tough action and the United States has introduced a series of sanctions even over the past week and the Iranians are saying they re going to move gradually away in specific steps from their commitments in the nuclear deal but the goal of of all sides in this big diplomatic game is to try to figure out a way to get beyond the tensions and that could play out in 3 weeks when the U.N. General Assembly convenes in New York and the heads of state will be there the Trump administration has repeatedly and quietly tried to get President Rouhani to meet in New York the Iranians have always refused on grounds that they don t want to photo op they want something substantial and so you see this increasing pressure to drive to get everybody together whether it ll work or backfire is hard to tell what we ve seen with the White House means by a summit with nuclear want to be is like North Korea I mean it s not terribly productive What makes you think the U.S. Iran summit would be any different. Well that s the big issue for the Iranians and I met with the Iranian foreign minister in July in New York and he repeatedly said look we don t want a photo op Senator Rand Paul carried an invitation from President Trump to the foreign minister to go to the White House that very week to begin negotiations and the foreign minister had to decide not to do it for fear that there wouldn t be anything substantive and so I think we re Arabian s fear that it will be just a photo op the doesn t produce anything tangible or if it does it s another 2 page statement that doesn t go very far when you consider the 2015 nuclear deal was $157.00 pages with very specific steps by all sides and that s really what Iran wants at the end of the day another very specific agreement that will alleviate its tensions and figure out a way to get beyond the current hostility What do you think the chances are of a summit between Hasan Rouhani and Donald Trump. After 40 years of tension and attempts by 7 presidents to try to end the tensions with Iran it s very hard to see that this can end quickly at the same time President Trump has repeatedly said he wants to meet with the Iranian president and I think you re Anian they need now to figure out a way out of the economic squeeze they re experiencing it can only get worse for them the question is how do you brokerage I think there are some ideas out there how do you move beyond the limits the time limits on some of the elements of Iran s nuclear program but how do you also deal with its missile program if it s a Rest of dual nationals and foreigners in Iran its intervention in meddling in the Middle East the things that President Trump wants to include in a broader deal about Iran s nuclear program Robin Wright Iran scholar and writer with The New Yorker thanks very much thank you. Meanwhile in London debate Vote debate a few calls for Auda will Britain leave the European Union will British lawmakers make that illegal are new elections coming we re in for a few more days of parliamentary chaos in London before parliament is suspended this weekend but along the twisting excruciating path that is Bracks it something else has happened in the U.K. One of the world s oldest political parties the conservatives is eroding from the inside out Joining us to weigh in on this is Malcolm Rifkind He s a former foreign secretary and a former Conservative Member of Parliament he s been a vocal critic of Doris Johnson s handling of Bracks said if you were still an M.P. Would you have voted against Barcelona and yesterday would you be a victim of Johnson s purge right now yes I would have voted against the government essentially because I think we are a parliamentary democracy and Parliament must have the last word not the government one of the expelled M.P. s told the B.B.C. That the Conservative Party has become the Bracks it Party rebadged I m guessing that means rebranded Do you agree with that. Well I agree with all of that s not misunderstood what that means in the case of the conservative body we have this massive division on breakfast on the European Union if and when that is resolved even at this moment in time there is no noticeable division within the Conservative Party on all the social issues that normally dominate the political debate Churchill in economic policy foreign policy defense policy the Conservative Party and the government is extremely United but when the Prime Minister Barak Johnson is expelling members because they don t vote his way I mean isn t that existential I mean that s a crisis well it is a crisis but it s a different kind of crisis it is not. An acceptable in principle that if a. Government makes an issue a matter of confidence if its own M.P. s are some of them do not vote with the government then there are certainly precedents for the whip having been withdrawn what makes it extremely foolish on this occasion. We re not just talking about the odd individual and of course for the last 2 years it was Mr Johnson and his colleagues many of whom are now in the cabinet who were themselves defying 3 line whip and voting against their own government on breaks of policy and were not penalized in this way political parties do change over time I mean the Republicans in the US used to be the party of Abraham Lincoln of Teddy Roosevelt Roosevelt bailed because it got too conservative so do you accept that maybe a similar change is happening to the conservatives in the U.K. Remember that our Conservative party is the oldest political party in the world and why is it survive because it s constantly changing the changing needs of our society if we were having this conversation 20 years ago the Labor Party was totally hostile to the European Union and the Conservative Party was strongly in favor of the Tory party the Conservative Party has never really be the ideal ideological ideal. Socialism Communism Fascism they come they go they disappear the Conservative Party has been more about principles and values and some people are worried that on the bricks issue the Conservative Party does sound ideological and as for these 21 members of the Rebel Alliance who went directly against their party s leader Johnson and his direct instructions and threats you see that act as one of political courage and the way that they voted can only be admired what they were doing was in the best traditions of democracy regardless of whether you agree with or not I have to ask does it leave you wondering why Republicans in the US have not done the same to President Trump Well I do ask that question I mean I know the United States very well and I have a lot of admiration for the Republican Party but frankly none of them virtually none of them wanted Mr Trump I thought I thought I m a suitable candidate to be president of the United States and they ve all caved in I could speak but actually I m very sad about it. Malcolm Rifkind former foreign secretary and former Conservative Member of Parliament thank you very much for Malcolm appreciate it thank you very much. Let s flip the script now and talk science and outer space to help us explore that here s my colleague Carol Hills scientists have long been captivated by one of Jupiter s moons Europa. Is kind of the reason I get up in the morning because I m interested in the question of Is there life beyond Earth that s Georgia Tech astrobiologist Brittany Schmidt she says this moon hundreds of millions of miles away is one of the places in our solar system were most likely to find life beyond Earth or looking at Europa because it s the most Earth like place I can think of in some interesting ways and the reason for it is because it s one of the only places that has had geologic activity and then ocean over the history of the solar system Schmidt hopes one day to be able to explore the frozen over ocean on Europa to search for signs of life but 1st she s testing out the kind of equipment that might help her do that here on earth our colleague Caitlin Sachs from Nova interviewed Brittany Schmitt Kelly you talked with her in a rather unlikely place he has about as close to Europa certainly as I will ever get Bernie is testing a robot underneath the ice in Antarctica and it really does feel like another planet. Researchers say is a 45 minutes away from McMurdo Station which is the largest U.S. Research station. And it sits on C.S. And so this frozen ocean in the shell is very similar to what we might find on other worlds in our solar system and so this spot in Antarctica is a perfect playground. To figure out how we d even start to explore these icy moons those moons such as Euro poets as our main focus are thick ice shelves on top of the global ocean and so we re interested in one day being able to explore those environments in the meantime we re trying to work here kind of in our backyard to figure some of this out I wouldn t exactly consider this. Well when you think about Europa. It s not so weird to think of Antarctica as your backyard So what does the work that Schmidt is doing in Antarctica that s going to eventually translate to this mountain her team has developed a robotic vehicle called ice and it s about 12 feet long and it looks kind of like a torpedo but it s loaded with scientific sensors and what they do is they bring it on the ice drill a hole in it for that ice shelf they were going to start drilling. And then launch it under the ice to explore underneath the ice there all right. And how thick is this ice that they re drilling through right here it s about 12 feet thick it will be much thicker and what s remarkable about this mission is it really does kind of feel like a NASA mission. When you re They have Mission Control it s a little tense right out there on the ice though for members of the team are communicating over radios as they launch the robot. Wants its launch with a pilot it using of all things a playstation controller over towards a nearby glacier or sling along the front of the glacier getting an idea of the depth of the ice in front of us and explore the underside of that glacier or in a kind of fall of this future staying under the sea. And what they re trying to do is find out what instruments are actually most useful for exploring this under ice environment we have for it and camera. Camera we have floridly neat 3 D. Maps of the. Hard to reach spots that we couldn t get divers or boats to. So in the case of Antarctica where they re using it now what if they ve been finding a lot of what this mission is about is just starting to figure out what technology works well and what doesn t for exploring such an environment what information is useful to collect what sensors would they want to load onto a robot that they d then launch into outer space but in addition to that they re also learning more about the physics of ocean ice interactions the physical processes are the same here in Antarctica as they would be on your open so coming to Antarctica gives us the physics that we need to improve our models of how Europa works. It s interesting because the physical processes may be similar to Europa but of course we can t do anything till we get this tool way up there and how close are we to that well we are still a ways off but there is a mission launching in the mid 2020 is called the Europa Clipper mission and that will be a survey mission from from orbit which will tell us a lot more about the moon and it would only be after that that we d start talking about actually sending a mission to land on the moon and then drill under the ice and explore under the ocean there so we re talking it could be a few decades so I shouldn t hold my breath for news about aliens on Europa anytime soon no not quite yet but you can stay tuned for something else that actually might strike a bit closer to home this coming season in just a few weeks actually Britney s going to be heading back down to Antarctica this time to the Thwaites glacier I know the world a big series on THWAITES This past spring this is a glacier that s at risk of catastrophic Lee collapsing it could trigger a rise in sea level of up to 11 feet so now Brittany is hoping i spend can get to that spot worth waits glacier lifts off the seabed and starts floating So this is a very delicate in crucial point for that glacier that s incredible So this tool it s not just about Europa millions of miles away up in the sky it s using it to help us figure out Antarctica as well exactly if they can get it down there it can make 3 dimensional maps of the area down there and tell scientists about the physics of what s happening there and that will tell us a lot about the stability of the glacier we re motivated in the long run by getting this data that will send us into space but there s important climate problems and really just unknown is about the earth that we live in and so by thinking about it like a spacecraft problem you re actually able to see the earth in kind of a new way so by using this technique that we re developing to adventure we go to other worlds we re able to get to these places where we were. Wouldn t otherwise get to here on Earth and answer some pretty tricky questions about our own planet and its future Kalen Sachs from Nova Thanks a lot thank you The World s Carol Hills with R.W. G.B.H. Colleague Caitlin Sachs Caitlin s reporting was supported by the National Science Foundation. You re with the world. The world is supported by new whose yellow green and red approach to categorizing food helps you make better meal choices with the goal of losing weight and keeping it off for good learn more at new and O.O.M. Dot com And by Hint water is pure still or sparkling water infused with a variety of for essences including watermelon Black Berry and cherry no sugar no sweeteners no calories available in your local grocery store or at Drink hint dot com hint mouth watering water the best deejays do more than play other people s music Steve Aoki built a following by working with a lot of bands and swirling a lot of fans his audience expects more than great music they also get a spectacle including at one point cake electronic music legend Steve Aoki on his influences and his philanthropy next time on one edge. Tonight in 90.3 K.Z. You. MARCO WERMAN You re with the world are there limits to comedy of course but where those limits are depends on where you stand literally in Israel a Jewish comic is using stand up to talk about politics and identity in the Middle East her comedy crosses cultural religious and linguistic lines and limits Naomi recently met up with her in her home village between tell of Eve Andrews. Cracks a joke as I open the door to her dusty blue car and I see my make up the radio and . We re on our way to a village known in Hebrew as never shown and in Arabic as we. Both translate as a way says of peace it s the only village in Israel specifically designed for Israelis and Palestinians to live together norm is $32.00 and grew up there and her unusual childhood is a big part of her comedy Here s know I m at a show in London last year my grandmother couldn t understand my mom. Walks into the house. The ones going on the cruise the. Path. We passed in years and a bright pink as we drive into gnomes hometown we get out of the car and a neighbor pulls up next to us. But in the norm speaks fluent Arabic she learned it here at the bilingual school she tells her neighbor that she s flying to Boston this week Norm has a Harvard fellowship to develop her comedy into an hour long show in Hebrew English in Arabic she s calling it a distance my ass. The title pokes fun at Gnome s upbringing in this Peace Village and her years as an activist after graduating from Brandeis University outside of Boston she returned to Israel and worked for the peace building group interest. But norms says she felt like she wasn t reaching people so she began to do stand up telling jokes about Israelis and. Any ans about her identity as the daughter of an Iranian born Jew and about her dating life. 31 interesting also good reasons. No one says she doesn t just want to make people laugh she wants to make them think she also wants to challenge the power dynamics in the region she recently appeared on an Arabic language T.V. Show is round she joked that she was looking for a husband and she s aiming high the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin sama on M.B. s M.B. And. The next day the video was all over Arabic media some news anchors took her seriously I went to sleep a very anonymous. Woman And then I got up in the morning everywhere everywhere the entire like said Tire shows news channels like everywhere and there was a political subtext to the joke the governments of Israel and Saudi Arabia are drawing closer and no one says it s happening at the expense of Palestinians there is no way in the world that we can solve you know the religious the political conflict that we have here and the issues that we have you with Palestinians through going around over their heads closing like narrow deals with you know with so we do need there is norms political humor is popular with left leaning Israelis and it s also won her some Palestinian fans we run into one of them in the village by a lot of this is very. Odd Muna is visiting from Jerusalem he recognizes non from her videos and asks for a selfie with her he says as a Palestinian he appreciates her take I can see someone on the Israeli side and Israeli can actually see through what this is about and what this is really doing to the Palestinians from from a very inside Israeli society from the point of view but sometimes there s a limit to Norma s reach with Palestinians last year she was the 1st Jewish comedian to perform at a Palestinian comedy. Showing East Jerusalem she was invited back this year but at the last minute her appearance was counseled the organizer told her that politics got in the way Norm decided to go to the festival anyway as an audience member now please learn how bad the old. Amir is a Palestinian American meeting he s the one who invited norm but he says this year the environment is too sensitive to bring in Israeli on stage he lists a number of reasons among them the fact that Israel just banned 2 US congress women who support the boycott Israel movement from entering the country on an official trip one of them was representative or she had to leave a Palestinian American Amir says comedy is about pushing boundaries but there are limits we don t want to offend people you know we do want to push people to think and push people to expand their eyes a little bit but that doesn t mean you want to offend the sensibilities of a whole so we have to be you know careful earlier on the way to the show Norm told me she understands the sensitivities I don t want to avoid the reality the reality . You know the Palestinians are living under occupation or Noddy. But the Palestinian comedians invited me because they believe that there is something to be done so maybe it s not the right timing right now and I still have to wait a bit but it s a beginning of something a few days later norm leaves for the U.S. To develop her trilingual But even though she might find a more receptive crowd there for her sharply political humor she s not planning to stay she wants to bring her comedy back home for the world Naomi Jerusalem at the center of comedy are words comedy is framed by language but sometimes language itself can be a form of cultural resistance the B.B.C. s Victoria stand has a short story from Colombia. Good morning I m from Sun. Says. Well you know impelling kero the native language in the town 50 kilometers from Colombia is Caribbean coast. Andres is the leader of the rap group. Which performs him. To use the language African instruments and stories about somebody. To help preserve the town s traditions. For maintaining its music language. With music we wanted to be maintained. People and. They have been discriminated against for speaking the language says Andris. When people. Speak to them. Because they don t understand that a father or mother would say don t speak the language so they don t make fun of you but since the eighty s in the town there has been a push by residents to educate people about their ethnic roots that language began to be taught in the local school and in 2010 the native languages law passed in Colombia to protect languages like. Telling us about the revival of. Colombia fewer than 8000 people can speak some of the Spanish Creole based language so keep speaking it keep it alive and that s where we start speaking today from the studios at W. I m Marco Werman Back with more stories and news from around the world tomorrow. The world is. 20 including. Journalism and. Storytelling that reach across our divide to create a more informed and connected world by the. Environmental. Donors include the Grantham foundation for the protection of the environment supporting a cooperative approach to solving our critical environmental problems. And by the conceit of fun furthering the values that contribute to a healthy planet the world s theme music is composed by Ned Porter the world is a coproduction of. The B.B.C. World Service P.R.I. And P.R. s. Support for K.Z. You comes from good time Santa Cruz county s weekly newspaper good times features a comprehensive guide to this week s local events plus stories for and about the community and events calendars also online at Santa Cruz. The Monterey County Library. Or corresponded. At the library of Pacific St Dr David Rowe bill will discuss John Steinbeck s role as a war correspondent during World War 2 a community. Org. Good evening I m Mary Jane Peters with the weather update mostly cloudy skies are expected over Monterrey and Salinas tonight partly cloudy skies over Santa Cruz and Scott s valley with temperatures mainly from the mid fifty s to the low sixty s overnight tonight from California State University Monterey Bay This is listener supported 90.3. Grove Monterey Salinas Santa Cruz N.P.R. The Monterey Bay Area at 7 o clock from W.H.Y. WHY in Philadelphia I m Terry Gross with FRESH AIR Today the increase of overdose deaths from the synthetic opioid fentanyl we talk with Ben West author of fentanyl Inc about the manufacture sale and fentanyl which is being added to heroin and other drugs he spoke to dealers operating on the dark web and visited companies in China that make fentanyl and its chemical components in labs there was one lab station that was piled high with these chemicals and it reminded me of the scene in Scarface where. Table full of massive piles of coke Ventana was banned in China and that produced the same effect can be made and sold legally West says some companies exporting the drug are subsidized by the Chinese government also Marine Corrigan reviews the yellow house one of the most talked about books of the year. First News News in Washington I m Janine Herbst rain bands from Hurricane Dorian are already soaking parts of North and South Carolina got Morgan of South Carolina Public Radio has more on what s happening in that state Horry County Emergency Management Director Randy Webster is urging residents along the state s northernmost shores to evacuate as soon as possible strong winds are expected across the entire county once the storm reaches Myrtle Beach and Webster says to expect a host of issues during and after the storm s brunt. And. Possibility tornado so everybody no matter where you are you know where you carry one around to where you know I need to be getting all this information behind you Webster says very few residents in evacuation zones have actually left emergency shelters in the county arks children s privacy AG You Tube then earned millions of dollars by using the data to target ads to kids in a blog post and ahead of You Tube said it will begin to limit data collection on anyone watching children s content so presume it s a kid and You Tube will stop personalized at.
They about holes may have think they see that we re not actually quite sure but they certainly had a lot of snow back on them so you had this very cold environment that shifted into what we have today and then in the last 200 years or maybe the last let s be more generous and say last 300 years or so it s hard to say there s been even more changes and those have been mostly German by as you know and so we ve built towns were during agriculture out here in Utah and across the world there s lots of them bases species so there s all these kind of new elements that are happening. So you talked about that humans are largely responsible for a lot of the recent changes that we ve seen but in the past what are the forces that are causing is a large environmental change at a. Glacial interglacial cycles they ve characterized our planet for about the last 1000000 years and those are driven mainly by physical things about how the planet is position so at the tilt of the earth the shape of the orbit of the planet and then you get these feedbacks between ice sheets and the land surface that can be self reinforcing until they kind of reach a tipping point and that s when you start of swing back into an interglacial cycle there are lots of things that mediate those changes come and outside is one so carbon dioxide naturally fluctuates so lots of things go into but in the past it s all been kind of physical Terry thank. You mentioned really brave brave that 3000 were glaciated that the rat sure how do you know. It s actually really fascinating how you can pick that apart there are signs of glaciers that you can find geologically One is that you can find these long parallel scratch marks on exposed rock you can also find sediments that are called glacial tell it s like a very fine actually very fertile soil type that you can find a positive in certain topographic places that you know the glaciers come through and just ground the rocks to smithereens and kind of deposited that as at last another common sign of glaciers is telescopes like you see on the West als and there are some slopes like that in the upper hers but we actually think that they may have been produced just by natural trees cracking rather than glaciers I think in all likelihood there was a glacier up there we just don t have all of those pieces of evidence right now. Whitby is changes that you ve described in the last 10000 years how much friction ration has there been generally in the population sizes in extinctions and introductions of living species that ever occurred over those time periods in Southeast Utah Yes So over the last 10000 years we haven t lost that many species there are 2 that have gone missing sometime during the holiday season we don t know exactly when and that s the pygmy rabbit and sagebrush ball and those are both found in the Great Basin today so it s kind of an interesting mistreats figure out why they re not here anymore where we have habitat that seems really suitable and you can find their fossils and alcoves and caves around southeastern Utah so we know they were here for a while those have kind of disappeared Otherwise what we ve seen is really just changes in abundance and small shifts in range of seasons out there so for example poles kind of like music environments where environments try Parian zones and they ve pretty much retreated into the mountains where there s enough persistent moisture an abundance is of native mammal species really haven t changed a whole lot they fluctuate naturally quite a bit because their populations boom and bust or you know predators get really common but by and large over the last 5000 years there haven t been big changes in abundance until the last couple centuries. In the past say when there was that last bedtime Magic Chef and in the region is it clear how quickly we see ecological change occur with those chefs Yeah mostly what we know about southeastern Utah at the end of the last glacial maximum is relevant to the plants they re really good plant fossils from that time period they re probably good vertebrate fossils also but they just haven t been studied at this point but the vegetation changes really track climate with pretty high fidelity so as climate is changing the vegetation changes and it doesn t change in a really directional way basically what we know about how plant species move across the planet as climate changes is that species respond individuals Stickley they don t respond as whole communities so what we ve seen in southeastern Utah is that you get certain components of the vegetation coming in in the early Holocene and then certain species leave after that and other species come in and so our modern vegetation that we see here today didn t really become established until about 3000 years ago. Oh wow yeah so it took a while to get all these different components together but if you look at any one species they respond really quickly to climate. And so for the last 5000 years that it sounds like that the small mammal on the populations have maintained pretty much the same yet they ve been pretty much the same so they did a track differently than the plants I think that the small mammal community out here is not diverse there are many more plant species out here than there are. Making you know can you outline some of the mammal species that we deal 70 yeah yes we ve got kangaroo rats those are very core there by people actually hop just like King a ruse they have used very long tails that they use for balance they re really amazing to watch moved through their environment Ok routes are one we also have a couple species of voles as I mentioned they re kind of riparian species we have a lot of different species of Jeremiah s So the one that you most commonly see like in your house is premised because manipulators that s just a common Deer Mouse but they re also rock my opinion my knees they re a bunch of different species within that category My favorite is probably the silky pocket mice they have these cute little white dots on their ears that look like earrings and they re just very and I m just I once we have pack rats of course those are also commonly found in people s garages another one I really like the grasshopper mice those are the only current never as my case and they will actually eat other small mammals scorpions and all kinds of and sacks and they re really kind of wild and then of course we have a bunch of different squirrels and chipmunks that s kind of the broad sweep of what we have out here in the small mammal community actually bigger than I had. It is more than you then you generally see I mean they re mostly Nocturnals but the exception of the squirrels. What are these guys doing currently in our ecosystems. I think tell you about some of the really important roles they play any because none of that effect Ok a lot of people don t like that rodents Perro but a lot of these species are burrowers they create really expensive underground networks can regards to that prairie dogs to intercourse and a lot of animals will rely on those for a networks and the burrows are really important for capturing rainwater in place and recharging aquifers So if you don t have any of that you just have kind of flat desert the rainwater will just run right off into creeks and be gone but if you got those purposes down they kind of sink can and it goes deep into the opera So that s one really important thing they do all mammals also cash grain so they ll gather seeds from native species and show that in their burrows and that can be a source receives later on to come up when there s water. There are still obviously predators that they have to deal at your interior and not many Yeah so that s something I m really interested in so we ve lost a lot of the apex predators there there are some but not many mountain lions Lynx wolves of course and we have an abundance of carnivores like coyotes and of course there are predatory birds to which I rely on a lot of these I think that some of the big changes in abundance that I see in the in the places I worked are due to the fact that we don t have those big predators that keep smaller predators like Reason check and the coyotes are kind of preferentially eating certain components of a small mammal community and then allowing other components to really take off. Can you explain why or the way you mean by that yeah so what I ve seen in a lot of sites is that those commandeer mines are 90 percent of the population or more and the abundance of specialists d.c. Is like in Rwanda is really well there are a few reasons that could be I think one has to do with differences in where Caylee s are being hunted so the number of coyotes hunted in San Juan County is really high relative to other parts of the state specially along the 191 corridor and some of the sites where I have been surveying small mammals are really close to that corridor and those are the places where I see this huge abundance of deer mines so I think that those deer mines are having a release from her nation whereas other states are further from where people are more often I see fewer animals but a better balance of what s out on the landscape and so you study their abandoned says and distribution a landscape now and also into the past yeah and so can you start explaining how you do Sherry Yes I m interested in comparing what we have today to what s been here over the long term to understand of what s here today is typical or if we re seeing changes and the way I do that is as a excavate these fossil sites that are generated by pack rats pack rats Kalac carries cats and raptor pellets and all kinds of found objects into their Nast s. There s identifiable bone and all that material it gets buried over time and then I can dig it out and figure out what was there in the past and then I compare that fossil record to live trapping data so I go out with basically have a heart traps they re a little miniature have a heart traps culture men s spread them out and trap lions and then bait them check them the next day do that over many nights and you get a sense of what s living there now or at least during that season so packrat been. Delayed expected there d be packrat bands that are there and other bones from small mammals represented in fact that yeah so pack rats are always really common in mittens of course but what they re collecting in those mittens are scouts from Kind of course i k e s and what ours and harks coffee mostly what we use our teeth because they re really durable they can pass through their digestive track without being degraded and you can I you identify them to species Well what s it like going through a background of men. You know in some ways it s really exciting because it s so cool to pick up a bone and think oh my God this is a species I haven t seen here before or this is really rare or you know oh it s another jack rabbit. So there s a component of kind of like an Easter egg hunt or something but it s also pretty dirty work you know there s a ton of pack rat scat of course smells pretty bad it s usually very dusty so you just have to have the passion for the science to get through that part of it. So when going through a net does it work kind of the way that I think about going down in soil layers kind of thing yes exactly like that so you actually have a the way you would any parent a logical site you start at the tower you take one layer away I am working in sediments that are really loose there mostly loose sand so you can sift away the sand and bag up what s left so that like sticks and seals and pan of course and you just work your way down in a hole out here it s kind of tough to keep the sides of excavations back because it s so dry but I use one frames constructed just so you know materials you can get at the hardware store kind of pound those frames into the ground as they go deeper and deeper and then how are you getting actual dates with then yes so I use radiocarbon dating for the most part I do that on the bone specimens is a process of selecting specimens and then processing them and. The final material gets measured in a linear accelerator there she of those around the country. How many minions are there on the landscape there are thousands of millions there are so many millions out here in Utah it s really phenomenal ha and most of them are not really appropriate for pale into logical study the kinds of millions you need for creating a good long record of the past are usually found in large alcoves that have a good floor to them so you ll see a lot of outcomes out here that are sort of just divots in the cliff face those aren t great because they can t hold the sediments in place and collect them over time but if you can find one that s either half buried in the ground or has a good shelf to it that s where you can get the men and then sand accumulating on top of it I ll find middens out here under being in trees and in vertical cracks and understands and things those are you know they re fun to see and there s a good modern bone in them but they re not great for much older material the ones that we do see around every day usually still being used Yeah they usually are pack rats can occupy the same sites for thousands and thousands of years and that s why they re so great for paleontology but what I m taking up is not actually you know not destroying their homes completely. So Packard s as messy as they seem or pretty fastidious they really categorize their homes pretty strictly Afton what you ll see as like a big pile of sticks usually coloristic Meaden they ll have a consolidated made in that s usually composed of plant material and what rats can that they they urinate on and it creates this sort of brownish block of material that s always separate or is usually separate from the stick men and then you have a big sandy area out front where they re kind of moving through but they re not occupying it and then they re usually actually living in a crack in Iraq or sort of under that stake midden and what I m digging up is that Stanley sediment next to everything rather than their actual house. When thinking about small mammals here in Southeast you tackle a kind of numbers are we talking about air in our landscape that s a that s a really good question and it s one I m not sure I can answer I can tell you about what I trap there is one site that I have trapped in Dr alley near 191 where on a given night I ll put out 140 traps and I will have what s called Trap 6 as my trap success will be 90 percent or more and that means 90 percent of my childhood animals and. At that say I will even find shops where 2 animals have entered at the same time and been trapped which is remarkable because they don t usually move around in pairs that tells me that there s a ton of rodents on the landscape at that site as I mentioned earlier 90 percent of the animals are deer mines and I might get 2 kangaroo rats and a night or a single sulky pocket mouse and another site down in the face in which is far more remote I might put out the same $140.00 traps and only captures 6 animals there are a lot of reasons that could be I think that rodents and be facing are probably more wary of predators than the ones that are up near 101 because I think there are more predators and be patient but I also think that he faced and maybe sort of a more representative sample than the sites that are kind of highly disturbed by the highway. How well have our small mammals then. I would say that in southeastern Utah there hasn t been a ton of trapping work there is some done and Seventies and Eighties I think but it wasn t extensive it wasn t comprehensive. So we don t know a lot about small mammals in this part of Utah so there have been good trapping campaigns in other parts of the country they. Have been really well shot in that region is really well understood the Sonoran and we know a lot about the animals down there but you know it s just a question of having a researcher with a project in a single place. In looking at the past and what you ve seen from the abundance and types. What are you learning about the present but also what he learned about what we might see into the future. The sites that I studied here in southeastern Utah record a really interesting period of climate change on the Colorado Plateau and that was a trend warming and a river firing climate about 2000 years ago it also included the use extended multi decade drought and that s one of the things that we thank caused the ancestral problems that we re living here to had sowed because it became really difficult to live here with those extended droughts what we re starting to see again now and what we re anticipating as the future of climate in southeastern Utah is warming or refining and prolonged drought so if we can get a sense of how species responded to that in the past hopefully we can anticipate what they re going to in the future. Every beginning to see what that response has looked like I think it s a little complicated because 3000 years ago we didn t have certain pressures that we have today right we don t have roads we didn t have been development we didn t have all these invasive grass species what I ve found in my research so far is that these species are really they have a high capacity for moving around their environment and finding kind of micro habitats that suit them so they can actually weather climate change pretty well to a point but what they can t do is ensure climate change and other pressures so one of the reasons that we may be seeing declines in specialist Grana bores like silky park in my case and King River Rats is that they are 100 percent reliant on native grasses we think that they don t handle invasive grass seeds well like. Is it ever a deal or practice for paleontologists to apply information about species response to shifts in climate to conservation Yeah I wouldn t say it s a regular practice but conservation paleo biology is something we as a field have been talking about for I would say 30 years and it s kind of a slow build but it s definitely something we think about a lot and I think part of that is just that we re scientists we care about our work and about our environment and so you want to do everything you can to contribute to understanding our planet and how to deal with problems we have today like climate change there s a small and growing community of conservation paleo biologists and that spans all time frames of paleontology you know we learn a lot about our planet from past major extinctions which were millions and millions of years ago and it s sort of easier for someone like me who studies the quick turn or a because a lot of the same species are still around today the last 10000 years. Journeys actually were the places you now Holocene So it s a little over 1000000 years but Holocene last 10000 years is really really relevant because everything is basically the same it s just kind of moved around and we have a lot more into it. Do you see a way that your research could be used by land managers. So it s my hope right I think that my research can be used by land managers in some context because I think that knowing what these animals do can help us plan for where we need to say protect habitats for species that are going to have reduced habitat in the future I also think that rodents may be a really important key to restoring range land out here because they do play these important roles and water is tension in moving native seed around and so on. All that said I think that it s really imperative for science has to be working collaboratively with land managers from the beginning of projects rather than doing a project and saying hey this is what I found it so useful to you right so I think getting together with land managers and people in the Department of Wildlife Resources and so on and coming up with projects that really serve them that s a better way to go what 1st got you interested in asking questions about small mammals when I was in college I really wanted to do something related to conservation I was casting around looking for a laboratory can and there was a lab where I was 900 grad study paleoecology those kind of turn or ye ecology of species and was trying to apply those long term records to conservation and I think I was really compelled by that because I think time isn t dimension of ecology that often doesn t get out about a lot and I actually think it s critical because until we know how unusual now is we can t really do anything about it so I was really compelled by paleoecology in general I ended up in a lab that focused on mammals mammals are a good study system for the quick turn around because they re really abundant and they preserve well and they can be bellwethers of change it s a system for understanding environmental change in the last 10000 years and what do you enjoy about being a scientist. I love field work on a personal level the real reason I got into science is because I want to be outside all the time but in general about being a scientist is really fun because every day is really different and I m constantly and sometimes this is a downside but I m constantly problem solving in a way that I think is kind of creative pushes me in a lot of different directions it s a career that s really very sour I travel are I m in the field a lot I get to work with students so every day is really different. Thank you so much for this interview about your very cool. Thank you this is really fun you can listen to this interview. Or any of our passion. I Tunes or structure. And this show was produced. And came. Weather forecast for north central New Mexico today partly cloudy with a slated showers and thunderstorms this morning mostly cloudy with numerous showers and thunderstorms this afternoon highs in the lower eighty s today mostly cloudy. Thunderstorms this evening then isolated showers and thunderstorms after a big night lows in the lower fifty s from oral partly cloudy a slight chance of showers and thunderstorms tomorrow morning then a chance for showers and thunderstorms tomorrow afternoon highs in the lower eighty s tomorrow night partly cloudy with a chance for showers and thunderstorms in the lower fifty s Funday a chance of showers and thunderstorms in the morning then showers and thunderstorms are likely Sunday afternoon highs in the lower eighty s Sunday night mostly cloudy with a chance of showers and thunderstorms lows in the lower fifty s Sunday partly cloudy with a chance of showers and thunderstorms highs in the lower eighty s into Monday night through one state north central New Mexico Partly Cloudy With a Chance of showers and thunderstorms lows in the lower fifty s highs in the lower eighty s. Weather forecast for the song Luis Valley of South Central Colorado today partly sunny thunderstorms are likely this afternoon highs near 80 light winds 70 percent chance of precipitation tonight mostly cloudy thunderstorms likely until midnight lows 48 to 54 northeast winds up to 10 miles an hour 60 percent chance of precipitation tomorrow mostly cloudy assuaged. It s of thunderstorms tomorrow morning then thunderstorms are likely tomorrow afternoon highs eat light winds 60 percent chance of precipitation mostly cloudy with a 40 percent chance of thunderstorms lows 50 to 55 Sunday thunderstorms are likely highs near 8060 percent chance of precipitation so they night mostly cloudy with a 50 percent chance of thunderstorms lows 49 to 55 Monday for a Wakely highs near 8070 percent chance of precipitation Monday night mostly cloudy with a 50 percent chance of thunderstorms lows 50 to 55 Tuesday funder stores are likely high spirit 8070 percent chance of precipitation Tuesday night mostly cloudy with a 50 percent chance of thunderstorms lows 49 to 55 and when staying in the sun Luis Valley thunderstorms are likely highs near 80 somebody percent chance of precipitation. Thanks for turning into a social today I m Mike Clifford have a great day. Helicopter on Mars and a very big announcement this week on planetary radio. Welcome I m actually employing of the Planetary Society with more of a human adventure across our solar system and beyond me me and her team at the Jet Propulsion Lab are putting the final touches on the 1st flying machine heading for the red planet actually the 1st wind machine headed anywhere off Earth join me in minutes for a great conversation about this tiny innovative example of exciting space technology and speaking of tiny innovative space tech Jason Davis of the Planetary Society is here to share that big news as you know the society s light sail to Cube Sat is in orbit and has deployed its 5.6 meter sail the core mission team has been working to stabilize the spacecraft and iron out a few remaining problems just getting light sail up there and unfurling the sail we re pretty impressive but these didn t mean the mission was successful now well I guess an IFB teased everybody what is the big news which is becoming available only as this episode becomes available online and elsewhere yet you ve got hot off the press scoop here. Yet so today a light seal team is announcing that they have successfully raised the spacecraft s orbit using nothing but solar sailing so that that is the entire goal of the mission and they re calling it a mission success this point so woo hoo yeah exciting. It really is this is a demonstration of of what that solar sailing can work in orbit Yeah yes so the entire concept of this spacecraft which now is actually goes back to 2009 so 10 years ago this whole thing started. To demonstrate that you could successfully control a solar sail and lower earth orbit and specifically one that s deployed from a very small space and a Cube Sat and that you could use solar sailing to raise the orbit of the spacecraft and then the idea was that that technology could then go to the next step other spacecraft or other agencies or private organizations could use a technology and do more ambitious missions essentially and use it elsewhere we launched about a month ago actually a little more than a month ago at this point deployed successfully got the solar sail out last week the team refined some of their orbit raising maneuvers after sail deployment and then in the past few days they have been able to measure a steady uptick in the space crafts apogee that s high point of its orbit that is enough for them to say that 8 this works it is successful and call it a success fantastic now as of yesterday we haven t seen any new data but as of yesterday how much had the the Norden actually been raised at this point as we re speaking it is 1.7 kilometers by the time this goes on air I would expect it to be higher than that maybe closer to 2 kilometers there are some spectacular images which up people can see where where s the best place to go planetary dot org actually sailed up planetary dot org will take you to our main light sail page and you can click images and it ll take you straight in your image library and you ll see all the latest stuff from the spacecraft really fantastic Jason thank you very much for this update and I You should by the time people can hear this there should be a brand new blog from Jason available on our planetary daughter or sailed on planetary dot org If people want to see the light sail do they have an opportunity to do that and how do they figure out when to look yes so if if you use the sailed up planetary dot org link there s also a link and there for our. Control dashboard shows real data coming in from the spacecraft that also shows where it is currently and it does predictions based on where you re located for when you might be able to see the spacecraft so definitely check that out and if your range the spacecraft take a look for it. It s amazing Jason after years and years of work thank you for everything you ve done to help make this mission so excessive to the rest of us and good luck to all of us as it continues yet Thanks Matt it s been a fun ride Jason Davis sees our digital editor and the embedded reporter for the Light Sail project following the progress the success now of Light Sail 2 it was just a couple of weeks ago that we talk with City turtle about Dragon Fly the very advanced rotorcraft that will fly through the skies of Saturn s moon Titan in the 2030 s we won t have to wait nearly that long to see a more modest but still very daring aircraft become the 1st to fly on another world that world is Mars and the aircraft is the Mars helicopter long time j.p.l. Engineer Mimi Young is the Mars helicopter project manager made a great to get you on the phone there at j.p.l. As I understand it you ve just come out of a meeting about your mission the Mars helicopter it is delightful to talk to about this pretty delightful flying machine that you want to send to Mars thanks for joining us thank you for having me I don t know if you ve seen the good the comments on the You Tube video that you folks have posted about the mission we ll link to it from this week s show page at planetary dot org slash radio there s this great animation that shows the Mars helicopter doing its stuff across the Red Planet simulated of course the one of your You Tube viewers made the comment that it looked to him like a Mars Kito which I thought was pretty cute. And not. Far off less than 2 kilograms or about 4 pounds it s a pretty small little device isn t it I mean and made me think we resemble some dream small robotic helicopters here on Earth but I bet it s a it s a lot tougher a lot more is going into this one yes it s much tougher because the atmosphere of Mars is extremely thin compared to the air density and you know it s less than one percent so the vehicle has to be very light you know and of course be able to sing very fast so that I always say you know if you re going to have a start up in a Mars helicopter make it really lights and make sure it can spin really fast. And more to the story I guess because you ve got to deal with the temperature extremes right and what about the radiation environment did you have to take those into account yes definitely the temperature plays a huge role that Marcella copter will be standalone wrote a craft once we ve been deployed on the ground will be carried by the March for the 20 rover to the surface of Mars and then once the rover deploys it s on the ground the helicopter never goes back to the rover again it s going to be communicating wirelessly to what we call a basis in fire that wireless lifelines as we speak the helicopter will be receiving commands and sending data back and that robot will really so in that stand alone mode this helicopter has to be able to survive the cold temperatures at night it has to also be able to keep its energy balance right positive so meaning it has become like sun solar energy on a solar panel and storage in the batteries would then and then use the energy for surviving the night as well as for flying So yes on top of being the 1st wrote a craft to fly autonomy Asli on the separate them are in the very very thin air answering that question can we fly at Mars doing the technology demonstration. Fly to Mars that autonomy its functions such as a condom a survival cold nights and autonomy as energy management in autonomy as you know self management of activities and being lightly remotely operated from earth all that has to be built into that lesson to kilogram limit. I understand that you tested in a big vacuum chamber that s not surprising but how did you simulate Marsh s low gravity. Yes very good question basically we built a system called the gravity off about system in the chamber 25 foot diameter space simulator chamber j.p.l. And then we come back down to near vacuum and fill a bag too with you know comment outside to simulate Mars atmosphere to the right density and then in that chamber we have at the very height. Maybe about 40 feet up we put on a beam very significant beam and then from there grab the op load system that is an independent system that has constant talk control to be taking off for the difference in the the force difference between the earth s gravity and our Mars gravity so basically we build a gravity offload system and provided a constant offload to the helicopter and that s attached to the helicopter but the difference that is taking off is independent of what the helicopter is doing just a fellow ping that sounds like it was must have been pretty impressive I mean as the helicopter was was doing its stuff in the chamber to push for this system to be able to respond quickly sounds pretty cool you are right on. One of the things that happens when a team you know like ours right that s building something for the 1st time to do a 1st of a kind function on a different planet parallel to inventing the article itself in our case the Marcellus copter we had to be in parallel inventing the test environment continuously from day one and you pointed out for example describe the offload system right as we had to do that that in fact came you know late in the game even in the earlier days you know when we were saying. We re going to build this road a system right that has to stand 23022900 r.p.m. Even just the 1st thought of hot where do we go right we end up going to the 25 a chamber I remember that s the answer we know now right and then we started it there was no such thing as a place to go test the Mars environment that s already been simulated from you so yes the invention started very early on when we were able to you know ready to test even the 1st piece tried the road system. Yes is then parallel invention parallel to Mars helicopter how to test has been a parallel invention I know you re not carrying any instruments but you know that a lot of us would never have forgiven any of you if you hadn t at least broader camera and I understand that the camera you ve got is pretty good yes they were carrying a small camera the color images and it s exciting because they will be the 1st pictures of Mars taken from an aerial vantage point having said that you know the real primary focus right of this technology demonstration mission is to confirm our model of pride at Mars Yeah confirming and then repeating the flight that we have proven you know that we ve proven it works in our test chamber but really executing dad on the surface of Mars in situ right with the real environment real atmosphere real terrain the real temperatures proving all of that and then doing further and further flights and verifying our models is the primary objective and indeed a product that we re seeking then we ll move onto that makes you know larger makes generation helicopters for future more capable vehicles so that s the primary objective secondary to that is that we are carrying this color camera and we ll be able to take images and down that we re all to be a success but I have to emphasize though we are there to show how to fly sure how far and I can t wait to see some of those images especially looking back at curiosity it s. From from some height you know we had trouble on the show just a couple weeks ago I think talking about Dragon Fly and one of the things that came up with the city was how excited she and her team are about the Mars helicopter because it s a very different place from Titan of course but but still this excitement of knowing that you are also sending a flying machine to another world that I have un you have any thoughts about Dragon Fly or contact with them yes absolutely in fact this last meeting I was see and there was a review that Mike weeks gave me it s what s scaring us that the director of. Base division my space sector yes that we were just talking about that and thing yes we re very excited for dragon fly and in fact helicopter. Parts right in the atmosphere of any other planetary target outside of it we as human beings have never flown I wrote a crop on a another planet are going to turn Target Walmart helicopters doing that far and it s exceedingly exciting that dragonflies going to be doing that too so that they just substantiate that we are inserting aerial dimension to our space exploration because we do space exploration with examining planetary targets from orbit right and rovers on the surface we have a new device the aerial dimension where inserting that whole new dimension together this would be great absolutely Ok back to your mission if everything goes well how far and how high do you expect Mars helicopter to fly we re going to fly at about 5 metre heights we will fly increasingly further lateral flights will be flying out of an experimental area like a 10 meter by 10 meter experimental area we call it so we take off from there and I will many will be landing back on there and so will 1st do a hover flight and then we would repeat a medal a modern medal flight you know going from meter. I ll submit a couple pencil meters and then we ll go further and further out up to 150 meters out and back so about 300 meters roundtrip How long will that do you expect it to be able to fly on one of these a little sojourns and then how long before you might be ready to fly again we plan to pry up to 90 seconds we can recharge one day in a possibly you know 2 days we can fly again close to the next day or in the next 2 days our plan the baseline plan right now is to fly up to 5 flights in a 30 day experiment window that s a fun for Mars helicopter do you foresee a day when maybe there will be something more like what they hope to do with dragon fly although of course it won t reach Titan until the 2030 s flying around on Mars you know they have an advantage they ve got that nice thing campus here where you have to deal with the one percent but you obviously see a bright future for rotorcraft other flying machines on the red planet Oh absolutely absolutely I mean that s like on Earth we need the aerial demands and right it would be very complimentary highly complimentary to the rovers on the surface and spacecraft and all aboard something moving in the air as you know that you will be able to do reconnaissance you know far ahead of our human beings right when the human beings get to Mars exploring you would want those subsonic meter level high definition images before you send a rover or a human you know many kilometers ahead you can also imagine getting access to places that we can t get to today you know by the side that think steep cliffs you know deep inside deep volcanoes there are places we simply can t get to by astronauts or Rover or strike you but by being able to fly it will get us to places that we can get to today that s so cool I mean just imagine flying down into that down of the flow. Hour of valor spare an heiress or something like that very exciting I read that you joined j.p.l. 27 years ago since then you ve worked on a lot of projects including the Deep Space Network one of the j.p.l. Managers I heard you say who interviewed you for your 1st job there he was talking about all the things that you might be involved with and tile what you had expertise with and he said it apparently told you that you sounded like a kid in a candy store do you still feel that way yes yes and I remember the moment when he said yes. The thing that excites me is making 1st of a kind mission become real right happen that s the excitement right part of a kind and I m passionate about increasingly Autonomy s capability we will develop to advance space exploration and I m getting a chance to do dad you know over the few years that I ve been here so it s an extraordinary time it s gone by really fast it doesn t seem like it was that long ago and now you get to play with a Martian helicopter I got just one more question for you Do you and your team have a pet name for the Mars helicopters something you use internally that you re willing to share. Ok I guess is that moment of truth. Or I guess I m going to let it out to be interesting we actually don t. We don t but we do have a. I am going to stay there I don t oh no we came so close Ok. Yet now we don t have a bet all right there is that funny cause that if I let you think I ll call you back. All right well we ve got a year now almost exactly a year until the launch of the 2020 Rover and your Mars helicopter will be tucked away safely inside there I hope that some time between now and then as we get closer to launch maybe you ll be able to share that with with all of us out here who are looking forward to this mission with such enthusiasm and maybe Thank you it s been great talking with you Nathan great talking to you thank you very much for inviting me that s me on she is the project manager for the Mars helicopter headed to Mars a year from now on the 2020 Rover arriving at the red planet after its 7 minutes of terror in 2021 she s at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory near Pasadena California Stay with us for a special edition of what s up with a very happy life still to program manager Our own Bruce spats I met Kaplan for planetary radio where did we come from. Are we alone because. These are the questions at the core of our existence and the secrets of the universe are out there waiting to be discovered or to find we have to go into space we have to explore this endeavor unites us space exploration truly brings out the best in. Encouraging people from all walks of life to work together to achieve a common goal to know the cosmos and are pleased with. This is why the Planetary Society exists our mission is to give you the power to advance space science and exploration with your support response your innovative space technologies and. Why are curious minds and advocates for our future in space we are the Planetary Society. Joining us. Time for What s up and getting up or or higher on planetary radio we are joined by the Program Manager for light sail a light still too in this case Bruce batts He s also the chief scientist of the Planetary Society Congratulations program manager to you and the entire team as we heard from Jason at the top of the show Light Sail 2 is a success a thank you thank you thank you and thanks to all the the team especially the core team has been more concerned are the last few weeks keeping our fly in and fix and things and then all the members and backers to make this mission possible it s pretty darn exciting and you re celebrating out of the country you re not even here with us for this big occasion it s true I m I m here virtually no one there virtually I m here. Barely And I can Aachen Germany for appropriately the International Symposium on solar sailing which is always held every 2 to 3 years but happens to be now a little bit before the show airs all be announcing our glorious news to the world and the world s experts on solar sailing who are here except the ones back in the us running. While they don t your colleagues there and they don t yet know about our declaration of success they do know that we ve been doing pretty well so far I assume you ve been getting some bats in the back again and a lot of a lot of questions of course everyone interested in the the thing that s actually up there sailing a lot of people have put on a lot of work over a lot of years all around the world some press of international but all of it theoretical or. Or upcoming or ground deployments except of course for from Japanese engine Kalighat shoes here and white sail to. All right well it s good to know there s an international community of solar sails that we are proud members of Go on tell us what s up in the night sky. Ok I m just going to apologize now to everyone I m sorry but once again it s just it s a light sail ops and I ll get back to normal. Cut me some slack if you wouldn t mind kind of enter right now this whole mission operations things are selling conference so yes I d sell 2 is up and there s a chance you may see it or not see it as I guess you discussed earlier with Jason but you can also more easily and more reliably see Jupiter rising in the East and trying the days so it s actually up in the south in the southwest and their early evening Ok like the brightest star like object Saturn is looking yellowish far to its left in the south and the Perseids meter shower peaks on the $12.13 August so we ve got increased meteor activity several days for an after that s the good news the bad news is the mood will be almost full at the peak which will limit the number of meteors visible this year still on our 2nd best shower of the years so he and sneak around the moon or look at different directions you got a chance we move on to this week in space history let s see it was 29 t. In that light sail to change its orbit using controlled solar sailing for the 1st time in a small Cube Sat sized vehicle Oh yeah other stuff happened 1971 pollo 15 now sorry Hala 50. Sorry I m not showing proper evidence that they did calls. Stuff they they ve put a rover on the moon and drove a dune buggy on the moon for the 1st time this week in 1071 and it s the 15th anniversary of the launch of the Messenger spacecraft that explored an orbit of Mercury we move on to spin. Light Sail to. Has been 10 years in the making that s it we started in 2002 that s not that s it it s not particularly random but it s very good space for. Orderly space fact. All get back to around once I promise I can t guarantee it ll be next week but it soon. Trivia I mean we necessarily go off that white cell bandwagon I asked you before being named you go and Columbia What were the Apollo 11 lunar module and command module name how to do map boy you got me with this one I had no idea and most of our entrance the ones who I think delivered what you were hoping for they also by and large had no idea we got about half of the people went or gave the sort of official designation of the lunar module l m 5 and the command module or command service module c s m 107 but I bet you were looking for what we got from Brian Hoffman in Idaho snow cone and haystack Yes indeed snow cone the command module in the haystack the lunar module was used both in internal and external communications during mission planning early mission planning or someone said hey we need some more fish on none of that goofy peanut stuff from Apollo 10 which was quite awesome but our Congratulations Bryan I believe the 1st time when are you are going to receive a 200 point I telescope docked not astronomy account. Planetary Society kick ass Troy remember asteroids and that great book by Teazle Muir harmony very appropriate Apollo to the moon a history in 50 objects where she takes 15 objects that had something to do with getting to the moon in the Apollo program and wraps this grand story around them and you know this is not too surprising because she is a curator and historian at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington d.c. So in a good position to do this kind of book anyway enjoy it I did when I went through it were ready to go on some Fink and light sail to question in the 1st Tyra solution image down Linked In released after after sale deployment it showed a mostly deployed cell what is the most obvious strip of land in the picture. Go to planetary dot org slash radio contest good one and I think I know the answer so I ve seen that beautiful photo you have this time until the 7th that would be Wednesday August 7th at 8 am Pacific Time to get us the answer and when yourself a 200 point I telescope dot net account that international network of remote operated telescopes that to anybody can use with their cool interface worth a couple 100 bucks also of course egg or asteroid and let s throw in Voyager s greatest hits it s a book it s a really cool book from Alexandra some I r c I m not sure I apologize Alexandra the epic track to interstellar space marking pretty much the 42nd anniversary of the beginning of the missions of Voyager one and 2 as long or 2 who are talking about the history making space exploration this week anyway we ll send you that book if you re the lucky one who makes it through random with the correct answer with that you re ready to what go to better start writing your presentation for tomorrow to make a big announcement oh I should do that. Ok whatever anyway hey everybody go all out there look up the night sky and think about schnitzel I m not worse I know I am thank you and good night I don t recommend that when it s late at night but but you enjoy tomorrow and bask in the glory of my friend congratulations again thank you thank you that s Bruce Betts he is the chief scientist the Planetary Society and program manager for the entire light seal program including like Sail 2 . Planetary radios produced by the Planetary Society in Pasadena California and it s made possible by its triumphant members Mary Liz bender is our associate producer Josh Coyle composed our theme which was arranged and performed by Peter Schlosser. Had asked. Point 7 f.m. Alamosa Colorado New Mexico 98.7 f.m. And so watch Colorado in the northern. Cape. Connecting along the upper. Just. Under storms. 56. 58. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I m a new report from the Labor Department shows steady growth in the u.s. Job market N.P.R. s Scott Horsley reports employers added 164th.
China has requested asylum and Taiwan would treat them appropriately and on humanitarian grounds counties media said as many as 30 protesters had arrived but Taiwanese officials refused to confirm numbers the protesters fear retribution in Hong Kong which jailed protest leaders from 2014 occupy central movement and were probe aging lawmakers see closer ties to China however the protesters face uncertain prospects Taiwan does not have a formal asylum law because it is wary of opening its borders to waves of political refugees especially from nearby China and leafing n.p.r. News American consumers are in a relatively positive mood the University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index rose slightly in July edging up to 98.4 but that was less than economists were expecting this amid ongoing trade wars crude oil prices are trading higher at this hour up about 2 tenths of a percent to $55.40 a barrel I m joining Herbst n.p.r. News in Washington support for n.p.r. Comes from n.p.r. Stations other contributors include battle teaching new languages with this space repetition method daily 10 to 15 minute lessons using simulated conversations that are voiced by native speakers already babble be a b b e l dot com support comes from the New Bedford whaling museum presenting the vendors up climate culture and innovation in Dutch maritime painting details a whaling museum dot org. It was mostly sunny in here but today could feel like 100 degrees tonight mostly cloudy skies lows in the seventy s tomorrow mostly sunny and very humid could feel as high as 110 same thing on Sunday mostly sunny very humid could feel as high as 110 it s 206. This is Science Friday I m Ira Flatow later in the hour we re kicking off our summer book club with a celebration of bird brains so stay tuned for the book announcement and how to play along but 1st so we re commemorating the 50th anniversary anniversary of Apollo 11 and that moment in July 1969 that brought people all over the world together to witness one small step for a man and the end of one giant political race to the moon surface if you have a memory to share about Apollo 11 or thoughts on the legacy of the moon program what was the Apollo programs biggest achievement or maybe its biggest shortcoming give us a call 84472482558447 to 4255 or of course you can tweet us at Science Friday and you know we ve been collecting your thoughts on the new science pop app all week you can find the site 5 box pop where ever you get your apps to join in and here s what you had to say about the legacy of Apollo kicking off with Bill in Portland Oregon I believe that the Apollo program inspired the nation and what we could accomplish without the things that were happening back in 1989 but then we get now more that was a great how has the thing for the world and for people to look forward to helped at least spur the commercial development of computers I am recording this on a device whose existence is a direct result from NASA need for tiny electronics. City about science free dried foods I think the Apollo program single biggest contribution to society was the photograph of earth that single picture let us know how fragile our planet is then that little atmosphere that envelops the planet is and what a huge universe we are existing. Along with Bill that was Linda in Wisconsin rich in Tennessee David in North Carolina and Ronnie in Pennsylvania Tom in Arkansas and Tom in California sharing their thoughts on Science Friday vox pop app and you can go ahead and download and share your thoughts science sigh fry vox pop the v.c. Pop let me introduce my guest for the hour our guide to all things Apollo and the Chakan He s a space historian who s written extensively about the Apollo program including the book a man on the moon he s also a visiting instructor at NASA taking to human behavior elements of success in space flight he joins us from Northeast Public Radio and Albany good to talk to you again Andy it s been a while yes Ira Nice to be back nice to have you back what did you think of all those listeners suggestions pretty good summary and that was super I really have been enjoying hearing people s memories of that event you know there was so many of us I was 13 at the time I was glued to the t.v. As you can imagine but I had even that they age 13 the sense that this was something that was really stopping the world in its tracks to kind of you know come together for a moment at least and witness something that was absolutely says Del binding just amazing Yeah and I like the fact that people mention the view of the earth because that to me is one of the great legacies of Apollo you know it s not the reason we went to the moon and it s not even something that the people who got to go necessarily anticipated but that view looking back at the home planet from a quarter of a 1000000 miles away was a leap in awareness for the human race and I think even after all this time it s something that still can inspire us to recognize that we live in a very precious and beautiful planet away Sisson spaces. Call it on Apollo 8 and 2 to really hammer home the fact that hey you know we re all really one tribe living on this spaceship Earth and we should really try to get along and and do better at living and working together where you know I know the astronauts are always explicitly planned everything was planned was that shot of the Earth rise was that he planned photo Well you know that s a personal question because I was I was very invested in figuring out who took the picture Frank Borman the commander of Apollo 8 had claimed for years that he was the one who took it in not only had he taken it but that he had to grab the camera away from his rookie crewmate Bill Landers who apparently was so invested in the photo plan that he didn t want to take it and that nothing could be further from the truth the fact is that Bill Anders was the one who was looking out the window and by surprise you re absolutely right saw the earth coming up he was the one that took the picture it was not something that he anticipated and as he told me when I interviewed him in 1907 even while he was still circling the moon it began to dawn on him you know we came all this way to study the moon but it s really the Earth that s the most fascinating part of this life. And Apollo was a great technology technology accelerator to someone one of our listeners in the vox pop mention the computer chips we wouldn t be having these little phones and things of if it were not for the space race Yeah absolutely it s it s really amazing do a back and look at the effect of the space program on Microelectronics even the testing of microelectronics right because you had to make sure that these little transistors and resistors and things didn t fail during the mission a tiny little component failing could derail the whole thing so NASA actual NASA and its industrial complex contractors actually advance the state of the. 1st in the testing of electronic components I have another comment that I recall very vividly and a listener mentioned is how Apollo united us I think that 1968 was probably the worst year in the world said but after World War 2 we had 2 assassinations we had riots we had all kinds of stuff going on and then we took time out both for that famous Christmas right the $68.00 and then the landing in $69.00 Absolutely you know it s it would be a mistake to think that the entire American public was solidly behind Apollo throughout the 1960 s. That was not the case public opinion polls show that public opinion was in fact divided by think when it happened you know there s a famous story even about the the day before the Apollo 11 launch Ralph Abernathy the Reverend Abernathy led a group of protesters to the Space Center in Florida and the NASA administrator Tom Paine came out to meet with them and said You know I I m very sympathetic to your concerns about poor people in this country and if if I knew that I could help poor people in this country by saying let s not push the button tomorrow I would do that but that s not the way it is and Routh Abernethy in return said word of thanks and that he was humbled to be there and he actually got to see the launch and I think no matter what your politics was that was a moment that just really got through the differences and the other and I want to mention that Mike Collins the pall of an astronaut has been talking about this that when they went on their world tour after the mission you know instead of hearing from people that they encountered in all these different countries instead of hearing something like you Americans you pulled it off people that they encountered said we did it they. All felt that they had somehow been part of this great adventure interesting you know you had the space race as we used to call it what was really a political race between the Soviet Union and the u.s. But of course there were some legitimate science issues going on there where the now well when you say science issues you mean the experiments and things that were Yeah they were tried and left on the moon Oh absolutely science was not the driver for Apollo the Cold War was right however the scientists certainly realized that this was an incredible opportunity to study the moon insitu for the very 1st time and not only the experiments that we left behind the seismometers and so forth on the several different missions it wasn t just Apollo 11 it was 6 different landings but the photography of the moon from orbit from the surface and the samples the the lunar samples are another of the great legacies of Apollo because they unlock the door to decipher ring the earliest history of the solar system and they are they waiting to open up another sample that has not been opened they are there s a core sample from one of the later missions that is going to be opened I think maybe this year if I m not mistaken but you know NASA has done a very smart thing they ve kept a lot of the samples in a protected in vaults stored in nitrogen to prevent any alteration because they understood that the technology to study those samples was going to improve with time so yes there have been pieces of the moon that have gone out to scientists for the past 50 years but there s a lot more that is waiting for better technology to be developed or some. Stuff in the news about the moon actually being seismically active as they left those seismic sensors there correct they left them there but now you may remember this Ira they actually turn. Turned off the the lunar science stations in 1907 to save money I kid you can believe that so don t get me started I know that I know that this so the data set is limited but I ll tell you one of the coolest things is that recently in the last few years scientists have used modern technology to go back and look at things like the seismology data the data from the the Brad the small network of seismometers and they actually figured out more details about the interior structure of the moon and the fact that there appear to be features called Low bait scarps which are seismically active we actually are seeing clusters of shallow quakes in these features which basically represent 2 pieces of the lunar crust moving past one another a little bit like what we think of with Plate Tectonics on the earth but of course the moon has no Plate Tectonics it has no crystal plates so it s nothing anywhere near that but it s still fascinating to think that with these modern techniques we can go back to old data and we can put out new debt new information and for students and teachers out there we actually put together a collection of the data collected by the Apollo mission seismometers so you can use real data to decide for yourself if future lunar explorers need to worry about quakes and you can check all that activity out in our a part in our pollo special on our Web site at Science Friday dot com slash Apollo so where we have all kinds of stuff on our website and we ll be continuing covering the Apollo for you on the rest of the week and also for the rest of the hour as we as we continue with Andy Chaiken space historian author of a man on the moon if you d like to tweet us or call in our number 844-724-8255 lots of people getting ready on the phone to tell us what they recall about the Apollo. Missions and Apollo 11 You can also tweet us at Science Friday Stay with us we ll be right back after this break. I m Ira Flatow this is Science Friday from w. N.y.c. Studio. Next time on Ask me another get those culture caps out because we re joined by the hosts of the last culture Isa s podcast as no writer and comedian and actor and comedian Matt Rogers play a nerdy game with us based off of their own show plus guest musician Julia Gillard is back so join me Ophira Eisenberg at N.P.R. s ask me another the answer to life s funny your questions. Sunday at No. Every interview or. No or no I would only lead and you can interview I just this week I m talking with comedian and actor j.b. Smoove writer Jeff Chang talks about his latest project we go and be all right that s all on the next for maximum funding or n.p.r. . Sunday afternoon at one. This is Science Friday I m Ira Flatow talking with Andy Chaikin about the Apollo program and the Cape Canaveral launch pads for Mercury Gemini Apollo and the space shuttle you know that day yes sit on the east coast of Florida because it s near the equator and when you launch a rocket eastward from there it gets a little boost from the rotation of the earth and it s great for getting into space getting to the moon and of course if a rocket goes awry it will crash into the ocean and away from populated areas but now almost 60 years later the ocean is the problem corrosive sea air rusting but the beachfront rocketry you have rising sea levels threatening to submerge historic sites and any possible future launch pads our producer Alexa Lim went down to the original Apollo launch sites in Cape Canaveral to have a look around complex 34 was one of the sites where Apollo history was made the tragic fire of Apollo one happened here where the astronauts burned on the launch pad during a test run just one year later Apollo 7 launch from the site they still go at this time sending the 1st crew into space for the mission 3. We have ignition. Want to get. Today the complex is quiet and the only sounds I can hear are a few scrub jays calling out an ocean waves in the distance and standing in the middle of it it s hard to tell where I am Brazilian pepper trees have taken over the area and tree trunks poke out of tunnels that used to carry communication cables there s a resting on table which once held the Saturn one b. Rocket and crumbling buildings with doors pried open doc the Perlmutter I always think of planet they apes when I come out here you know it s like what s happening here I m with Lori Collins who is an archaeologist with the University of South. In Tampa she s trekked through tropical jungles and Central America uncovering 2000 year old stone sculptures and she surveyed medieval monasteries in Armenia now focusing on sites that are a little more modern They decommissioned NASA launch complexes on Cape Canaveral they re the ones used in the early days the space flight during the Gemini and Apollo missions. On complex 34 most of the original structures are gone necessarily meant to last you know they weren t thinking about that when they were designing these glorious goal is to salvage what s left to build an archive of how the engineers originally built this place and to create a resource that modern day engineers can use as they prepare for future missions. Like an endangered species right that these are treasures that once. She starts by giving g.p.s. Points to the structures that are still here and makes estimates to the missing features. After her team lays out the pieces like a giant jigsaw puzzle they start scanning but I did like the position that. They use lasers and 3 d. Cameras to record the details of the launch pad down to the millimeter scale and one of the elements he s working on looks like 2 rested steel skateboard ramps the Saturn one b. Created 1600000 pounds of thrust at launch that s 6 times more than a 747 airplane so they needed these steel ramps to deflect the huge flame and prevent it from incinerating everything and everyone nearby it would have moved one of them in and it would have come right up underneath the pedestal there to be able to deflect the blast basically from the launch vehicle lorries creating a type of virtual museum of these artifacts. Just across the bay is the epicenter of modern spaceflight complex $39.00 b. It s home of the active launch pad for NASA Kennedy Space Center where Gina Spellman is NASA senior project manager for the pad she s in charge of construction on $39.00 b. For future spacecraft will roll in and get hooked up for a watch for r.v. Park the r.v. Shows. Regina s prepping the pad for NASA is next moon mission called the Space Launch System or s.l.s. She s retrofitting the remnants of Apollo if Lori Collins is like the archivists preserving the layout of the historic launch pads and Regina is the architect building on top of those blueprints because of the history. Victorian home you so much you don t know what s behind the wallpaper I follow Regina to the big renovation project she s working on now. I can see that on the flame trench that s right the flame trench it s a 50 foot deep fire boat. 64000 degrees. The s.l.s. Rock it will produce 8400000 pounds of thrust 5 times more than the Saturn one. Awilda inflamed a factor won t do the job here the upgrade involves pulling out the Apollo era bricks and lining the trench with 100000 new fire resistant one every past mission from Apollo to the shuttle program is still here and you can see it in the pipes wires in towers built into the complex that s our new elevator that s brand new some of these platforms over here the electrical platform that was built under the shuttle program the one closest to us the facility connections that was Apollo you can see the 3 different generations all working seamlessly to go we just continue to build on our historical past. Back at historic complex 34 I take a walk along the beach with Laurie Collins there are huge bleached out shells and what I think are pumice stone and driftwood But when you take a closer look I realize the chunks of concrete and rusted piping they re pieces of complex 34 breaking apart and slowly making their way out to sea so you were the fence line is kind of right there that area s got a lot of features that you ll see the road. The rest of the Space Coast could look like this in the future because sea levels in this area are predicted to rise 5 date inches in the next 3 decades pair that with the hurricanes that hit and beaches that are washing away this hub of activity for NASA space x. And Jeff Bezos is Blue Origin. And it s something that we re Gina Spellman thanks about back on complex $39.00 b. One of the projects on the complex is a 3 mile sand dune around the area. Heads up that project for NASA Our number one concern is shoreline Roshan you know we have a storm we want to protect the human infrastructure from the storm surges and from the potential for a moon flooding in this modern day space race the players are different but they all have to contend with the same existential question how will the Space Coast battle a future with rising sea levels and climate change for Science Friday I m Alexa Lim also with Alexa digital producer Daniel pewters Schmidt. They were at the launch sites and you can see magnificent photos of their trip to the band and launch pads and as a bonus we have an interactive tour via Google Earth that will take you want to tour of the sites it s all up on our website at Science Friday dot com slash Apollo still with us is Andy Chaikin space historian author of a man on the moon and he is a sort of nostalgia to go down and see everything that s just rusting away yeah down here yeah yeah it s always mixed feelings it s a sense of sadness that you know this these things are not going to last forever they weren t capable of it but on the other hand so inspiring so mazing I mean go to one of the centers where you can see an actual moon rocket because morning Houston there s one in Huntsville Alabama there was one in Florida the Space Center in Florida go stand next to that thing and and remember that it was Hall done with 1960 s. Engineering and you know that to me is the other great legacy here is that human beings in all those years ago figured out how to do this stuff and it took 400000 people working for the better part of a decade and what I actually do now is I go into NASA and other places like the Missile Defense Agency I talk about what how did they do it from a human behavior standpoint it was almost like the country funded a experiment in how to do hard things with huge numbers of people that s a lesson of Apollo that will live on and is still valuable Let s go to the phones lots of people would like to talk let s go to Reno Catherine I welcome to Science Friday. Catherine are you there. Katherine No Oh it s too bad she was telling us on the screen here she visited her brother in the fire station and the day before a Basque separatist come to the fire station camp this was during Apollo 11 because the shepherd had a radio of some kind and told the brother that we had landed on the moon rather speaking feeling in Spanish and they said a lot of people really I was watching photos the other day of Times Square forgotten you know I was I was a teenager we all are watching together and here s a here s another memory let s see if I can get a listener on the phone let s go to Lisa and Santa Cruz highly welcome to Science Friday. Oh. Having more trouble point to phones today we can land a man on the moon but. Mike do you know that you know it s funny that you say that because there are that there are a lot of little you know saying they came out of the we if we go own land a man on the moon can t get the bones to work so what the term moon shot Yes Well again this boils down to the lessons that Apollo gave us one of the things that you have to have is a goal that is clear and compelling and my God we had that with President Kennedy s challenge but you also have to have sufficient resources to accomplish the goal and that s something that we don t usually see here s a tweet let s go to the tweets because they re working now x. Weeks I remember my 3rd grade Weekly Reader I remember Weekly Reader and education magazine publishing in addition devoted to the future of the spacecraft program it detailed a one comparatively vast permanent space station on the moon by 1999 and to a moon base by 2010 we re way behind at can we get back on track if we choose to. You know think it well it s a different if it s a reality of course Apollo was funded like a war because it was in fact a proxy for a shooting war it was a way of fighting a battle in the cold war without actually dropping any bombs or launching any missiles today the challenge is a bit different we have to figure out how to do human space flight in a way that s sustainable and doesn t break the bank and that s one of the reasons why I think the the work by folks like Ilan Musk with his space x. Rockets and Jeff Bezos with Blue Origin those things are very exciting because they are trying to figure out how to do it differently in a way that is sustainable and I think that when we can remove the economic barrier to just getting. Into space and then going beyond Earth orbit then I think we re going to start to see a little closer to what we all watched and Stanley Kubrick s 2001. Back in 1060th you know I remember a quote I thought it was by Arthur c. Clarke but I can t really find it but I remember it very distinctly I think it was on the 25th anniversary of Apollo and he was he was still alive and he was asked I think what it was the most amazing thing about the Apollo launch system and he said the most amazing thing is that we could go to the moon and never go back and yeah. That s exactly right they say that I you know I don t but it s an amazing thing I don t I actually have not heard that that s a great quote which I have not heard before but I agree with him nobody at the time thought least of all Arthur c. Clarke but certainly nobody at NASA thought that we would be you and I would be talking about this 50 years later and have it be so long since not only the 1st landing on the moon but the last landing which was in 1902 it just goes but I ll tell you a story just to hammer that home NASA is chief spacecraft designer was a brilliant engineer named Max. And he told me a story one day in the 1970 s. He and his former boss Bob Gilreath were walking along the beach at Galveston and there was a big bright moon in the sky overhead and they stood there looking at it and Bob Gilreath turned to him and said Max some day people are going to try and go back to the moon and they re going to find out how hard it really is and I think that means all the stuff that you can t put down on paper that you can t put in a NASA experience report about how they solved these daunting problems and how you make a team like that work we sway have to go back and revisit Apollo to remember those lessons and take them forward I m Ira Flatow this is Science Friday from w. N.y.c. Studios. I m talking my family Chaiken author of a man on the moon and that lesson that you say about working together and is one of the. Points made by people who say you know if you let the space industry languish we re going to lose the talent that knows how to do these sorts of things that s absolutely right the amount of corporate knowledge that we have lost is is is really regrettable and so you know we ve got to kind of pull ourselves up by your bootstraps and but some of this is not about technical expertise the technical stuff as hard is as it is is not the stuff that really could trip you up you know your report on those launch pads mention the tragic fire that killed 3 astronauts in 1967 on the launch pad in the fire that swept through their capsule and it s it it s amazing to think that NASA was not able to perceive the danger they were putting those 3 astronauts into it with wires that were exposed and vulnerable to damage flammable materials like velcro and nylon netting but most of all a cabin atmosphere of pure oxygen at $16.00 pounds per square inch and that danger just somehow as Mike Collins said to me many years ago we were blind to them and I think we have to recognize the limitations of ourselves as human beings we ve got to be what one of my buddies at j.p.l. Calls properly paranoid we ve got to be a little bit running scared that recognizes that we ll never know everything we need to know when we ve got to be on guard and one thing we keep getting asked all the time about are that are the flags from the various Apollo mission still standing at m.k. Can we see them with a telescope well course you can t see them with a telescope because no telescope not even Hubble is that powerful but we can see. See the landing sites in amazing detail thanks to NASA as Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter which has been circling the moon now for almost 10 years or actually excuse me a little more than 10 years had arrived in the summer of 2009. The cameras on l r o are so good that if you look for example at the Apollo 11 landing site you can see Neil Armstrong s tracks as he ran back from the lunar module late in the moonwalk to take pictures of a an 80 foot diameter crater that was about 200 feet behind the Lem but you know even on that image the flag is just a dot but we know from Buzz Aldrin s description that he was looking out the window when they blasted off from the moon that the blast of the set rocket the flag over so at least that one is not still standing probably the other ones or but they ve been seriously degraded by the intense solar radiation and and other forms of radiation and we have some bleachers the colors out of things if you leave them outside of plastics and I guess like that are just you know to take raided by things like that now so those those flags there are if they re still up when you know they re they re not those kinds of flags anymore to take a break and come back and take a lots more questions for Andy Chaikin author of a man on the moon he s a visiting instructor at NASA and teaches human behavior elements of success in space flight we ll try to get the phones working 844724255 best to tweet us give us a tweet at psi Frya c.-i f.-r. I we know that s work so we can send a man to the moon or many here from but you know have you know how the rest goes we ll be right back after this break stay with us. I m Ira Flatow this is Science Friday from w.a.y.z. Studios. Support for Science Friday comes from the Research Corporation for science advancement nurturing teachers scholars and innovative basic research in the physical sciences at American colleges and universities since 1912 more at risk dot org And from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation more information at more dot org support for this program also comes from the Winston Foundation and from Progressive Insurance offering its home quote explore designed to provide information about available home insurance options in one place more information at progressive dot com Science Friday is produced by a Science Friday initiative dedicated to increasing the public s access to scientific information learn more about their work at Science Friday dot com. Klondike Bar I m here to tell you nobody can beat a fast and easy homemade ice cream bar covered in chocolate and nuts face Middleton here with your 62nd food schmooze by a pint of your favorite Ice Cream slice the pint container and all into 4 slices then peel off the container strip along the edge freeze those slices for a half hour Meanwhile melt a couple cups of bittersweet chocolate chips and stir in 3 tablespoons of refined coconut oil each frozen slice in the chocolate mixture so it s completely covered sprinkle chopped nuts or diced fruit on the top side and freeze those slices again for a half hour you will be loved worshiped I m just saying this recipe tips and more of our curated recommendations are at. A large. Numbers for radio this week with Albert and Geoffrey reimagine Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine for the modern cook we dig into small to get the fish and the bagel versus . Also in this week s show his list of word of the best regional food in Italy and Dan Pashman takes us inside the Library of Congress cooking coming up this week on the radio. Tonight at 9. You re listening to Science Friday I m Ira Flatow We re talking with Andy Chaikin He s author of a man on the moon and taking your questions a bit of a of apology trivia for you Andy. Was Neil Armstrong supposed to be the 1st person to step off that lander I mean he s the captain isn t exposed though 2nd. I know there s an interesting story behind that there is an interesting story behind that when I was writing my book I was very interested in that question and what I found out at that time was that the early versions of the checklist which had been in the works even before Neil was assigned to that mission showed that the copilot or in this case the lunar module pilot would be the 1st guy out and the precedent for that was during the 2 man Gemini missions the copilot had been the one to do the spacewalks. Pecan or add another public commander pointed out to me that that was no longer a valid precedent because once you landed on the moon you were no longer in flight and he being a Navy guy likened it to when you have a Navy ship that arrives in port the captain is the 1st person down the gangplank. Now mixed in with all of that was the story that everybody had heard again and again which said that oh well the hatch opened the wrong way and the cabin was so small that it really didn t make sense to have Buzz get out 1st and that was even something that Neil seemed to agree with when I talked to him but you know in more recent years a new story has come out from James Hansen who wrote biography his official biography and it according to the interviews that he did some of the leaders of NASA Bob Gilreath who we just mentioned Chris Craft who was the head of mission control in the all the flight controllers. Deek Slayton the chief astronaut and George Lo who was the spacecraft program measure got together in the months before Apollo 11 and they said look you know the guy who is the 1st on the moon is going to be a historical figure right up there with Charles Lindbergh and he s going to have to have the temperament to handle that and it was their feeling that Neil by his temperament was much better suited to that position and so apparently that s how the the call got made and it s interesting and and a few minutes we have left to speak with you a how about of another bit of trivia about Neil Armstrong when and that famous line one small step there is that there s there is controversy that he said and this is not just one small stuff but a there were a he was in there right and right so so the the quote that he had intended to say was one small that was that s one small step for a man one giant leap for mankind and when I interviewed him he explained to me that you know in his mind it was a small step but a significant step and that s how he came up with the quote I personally don t hear the one I listen to the recording is just too small an increment of time it s a tiny fraction of a 2nd between the word for and the word man in more recent years someone did some sophisticated analysis of the audio waveform and said Now I know it s in there it s just that Neil was speaking in the pattern that a you know a high oh boy would do you know for a man I m sorry I still don t hear it I think it s only right thing to write it himself if you think did he did and apparently he had he had sort of zeroed in on that and maybe one other possibility before the flight but didn t make the final decision until they were on the moon I think in the heat of the moment the just it just came out without the word but it s a great quote Anyway it s a Red Cross wonderful thing and so great that it s great to have you want to remember. All of this with us Andy thank you Ira it s always good to be it was great to have you back Andy Chaikin space Istari and author of a man on the moon terrific book he s also visiting instructor at NASA teaching the human behavior elements of success and spaceflight and you can check out all our our Apollo coverage including a behind the scenes tour of the Apollo launch pads all up there at Science Friday dot com slash Apollo. Really. Good. Skill. Stuff. A hot and steamy weekend is in store for a lot of folks perhaps a time to escape the sweltering city head to the beach or seek refuge in a shady hammock that sounds so good and that s on your agenda and if you are looking for something to read while on the road or in a hammock we have one particular recommendation for you that might seem for the birds it s this summer s Saif i Book Club Selection Jennifer Ackerman s the genius of birds tackling the myths about bird brains celebrating some of the incredibly clever things our feathered friends can do and we want you to join us Cy 5 producer and book worm Christy Taylor is here to tell you how to play along by Christy Hey Ira has gone it s summer vacation season I am about to scram myself. So excited to have time to read for fun and so tell us more about the genius of birds right so the genius of birds by Jennifer Ackerman as you said it is nonfiction as we do every summer. But it is this delightfully poetic super engrossing look at this old stereotype about birds not being very smart Ok Now that s from term birdbrain for example describes a stupid or a foolish person and I take it that phrase is gone goose the penis Yeah right there there was a time I don t actually I love birds I think they re smart I don t see it myself but there was a time about 100 years ago when people thought bird brains were too tiny to harbor intelligence they had sacrificed everything including smarts in order to be light enough to fly but researchers in more recent decades have been subjecting birds to all kinds of i.q. Tests and the verdict is that many species are doing things you or I could never in a 1000000 years wrap our heads around I know I have I can t migrate thousands of miles along the same route every year even with my g.p.s. . And I love hummingbirds and I m still pressed how hummingbirds keep coming back to the same spots year after year. And I m a huge pigeon fan and I still can t really believe how like homing pigeons. You can put them in a truck driving 100 miles from home and they will find their way back to the roost you ve seen those videos of crows solving puzzles on the internet or even making little tools to get food if you look at mocking birds they can memorize and mimic as many as 200 calls and songs from other birds not just even their own language so in this book Jennifer Ackerman is taking us around the world she goes to Australia South America even back to sort of common house sparrows in cities to introduce us to these birds and the different ways scientists are studying their brains I wouldn t maybe call this book not quite a beach read the 1st summer but for people who are spending time in the world you can look for shore birds or even just in your own backyard right now there are something a lot of our units sold it to me how do we get involved All right so I have a laundry list for you go for it 1st of all as we do every year we re giving away 20 free copies of the book this weekend thanks to our friends at Paul s books you can go to Science Friday dot com slash book club for that and information on everything else I m about to talk about we will also be sending weekly newsletters with discussion questions and having conversations with our listeners in our Facebook group and we re asking you to share your thoughts in our new app vox pop you can join the conversation by searching for size 5 vox pop that s a v. As in victory Oh x. P. O. P. To send basically your voice comment just like you re calling us on the phone where you get your apps and then for n.y.c. Listeners we have a live event in August to look forward to we re already selling tickets and I are as you know the early bird gets the bookworm watch something I would have said all of this is up on our Web page at Science Friday dot com slash book club right and all month we ll be celebrating bird genius in different ways on the air and online and we ll wrap up with a big conversation with 2 bird brain researchers at the end of August Ok so how do you test the birds i.q. Anyway if they can t talk right they can t tell us what they think the answer to a question is right I want to bring on are those 2 experts actually right now to talk about that a bit since they re both deep in the work of trying to see what s going on inside a bird s head so welcome to Dr Laura readers She s a professor of integrative biology and neuroscience. At the University of Wisconsin he Warren Hey there hey and Dr emblazed l. Professor Professor of Psychology and head of the comparative Cognition Lab at u.c.l.a. Welcome Aaron thanks for having me on the show yeah welcome both of you so Lauren I like I said before I don t really think of birds as dumb but the bird brain stereotype came from somewhere right that s right yeah so there are a few reasons that birds were considered to be brain and I think Jennifer Ackerman does a really great job of introducing this and you already mentioned that there s this early idea that having feathers is not compatible with intelligence so there was a fight do you know that there s a tradeoff between flight and brain power and that birds had to give up big complex brain so that they could fly and when scientists looked at bird brains they saw that they were different from mammals they were that really smooth but it may have moles that wrinkled and convoluted and mammals you see neurons in areas of the brain that are important for higher level thinking but they re organized in distinct layers and you just don t see that in birds and so these differences were taken to suggest that the bird brain is just not set up to produce exceptional complex behaviors and then it didn t help that when scientists were naming the brain areas and birds they call them things like One example is Paleo striatum from the t.v. Which reflected the idea at the time anyway that the bird brain is ancient and primitive and not highly evolved but Aaron on the other hand we have all of these examples of birds actually being quite smart or at least remarkable in in their thinking. That s right a lot of the examples that Jennifer Ackerman covers in our book actually come from all the cutting edge research that s been going on over the past couple of decades with some examples being Professor Irene Pepperberg famous parrot late Alix who she taught human language and we know that parents have for a long time been known to learn languages but she was able to teach a lot of English words and then using those words was able to interrogate the intelligence of Alec s and really uncovered a profound intelligence with lots of human like qualities and other things just sort of another example is finding out that not just so back in the sixty s when people thought only humans used tools there was Jane Goodall who discovered that chimpanzees also use tools now as a groundbreaking discovery Well flash forward to just the past few decades and we ve discovered that many birds especially the New Caledonian crawls crows are so amazingly profession at tool use Yeah and you re studying pigeons more specifically are they using tools are what are they up to the pigeons are not known for being tool users although we are really good at getting them to pick out buttons and keys and things like that but the kind of work I study about pigeon is more about what kind of psychological processes do they have that are similar to what s found in mammals in particular like humans so what kind of memory processes what kind of learning processes do they have and also what kind of higher level cognition Today show in terms of reasoning processes and abstract levels of cognition. I m Ira Flatow with Christy Taylor and Science Friday from the blue n.y.c. Studios. Yeah and Lauren you re working with starlings But you re asking a different set of questions right yeah right right. I actually began studying birds by also studying pigeons I was studying homing pigeons and how they were trying to their location that s right but then I discovered songbirds and so for about 20 years I ve been studying birdsong and a lot of my research is focused on what I refer to as why birds sing so I m interested in what motivates birds to sing what rewards singing behavior and in some cases this is clear so males will commonly sing to attract mates and this can result and made attraction in the male will mate and that will reward singing behavior immediately but sometimes we don t know why birds are singing so for example often outside the breeding season birds will form flocks for example and they re preparing to migrate or form these large overwintering flocks and they ll sing a really high rates and we don t know why it s important for them to sing because they have to learn their songs bird song words learn songs from adult tutors so they need to practice and forming flocks and singing the fox is probably you know the song keeps the flock together but at this time you know they re not attracting a mate they re not repairing rivals they re just singing so Darwin actually propose that in this context in these large affiliates of flocks birds are singing for their own amusement and so research from my lab is now supporting this idea we re finding that birds in some contexts do appear to sing because it s intrinsically rewarding So basically when I m on yeah they sing for fun that s amazing So so how do we know any of the things that we know they re not these animals can t talk to us and I just asked earlier we can just ask them what they re thinking or feeling so what are your experiments like what how do you tap into what s going on in that head of theirs. Ok so it is difficult to probe the internal cognitive or emotional state of birds and you know there are many methods and and some of them are described really well in Jennifer Ackerman s book but with respect to my own research for years we ve been trying to figure out how to ask a bird if it feels good to sing and so what we ve come up with is something that we borrowed from studies that are often run in psychology departments to look at reward associate with drugs of abuse need a rat studies and they use what s called a condition place preference test the reward and so I m going to skip details here but basically if you give a rat heroin which is an opioid and we think that actually when birds are singing and it s rewarding this has to do with and dodging this opioid release I think heroin is an example here but if you give a rat heroin. In a particular place like a chamber that s decorated with polka dots then later if you give the rat a choice between a chamber decorated and polka dots or one that s decorated a Stripes The Rat s going to spend most of its time in the polka dot chamber so it develops a preference for place sociate it with that positive heroin experience so this means that heroin rewarding right people accept that and so what we ve been doing in our studies is instead of carrying heroin with a distinct place we pair singing behavior so the act of singing birds and producing song and we pair that with a distinct place and then what we find is that song birds will develop strong preferences for places that were associated with singing behavior but physically I want to thank Christine and our guests thank ye So thank you both for joining us we re going to talk a lot more with both of you when we wrap up at the end of August but again thanks to Loren readers a professor of integrated biology at the University of Wisconsin and Aaron Blaisdell a professor of psychology at u.c.l.a. And of course Christie you know a lot of burden of the book club and everything you need to know to play along and join the drawings for a free book free book on our Web site it s Science Friday dot com slash book club Thank you Kristie thank you for sharpening our club. Charles Barkley s his Our director is senior producer Christopher and Talia our producers are Alexa Lim Christy Taylor Katie feather are in turn as Camille Petersen composed our theme music and we had technical engineering help today from rich Kim Kevin Wolfe and Sara Fishman who is working the boards for us here for the last time. We love having you all these years with us and we wish we wish you a great very well in seeing your new adventure hope you ll check in every every every once in a while like to know what s going on and of course we re active all week on Facebook Twitter Instagram all social media if you have a smart speaker you can ask it to play Science Friday whenever you want every day now is Science Friday I m Ira Flatow in New York. Science Friday is supported by Progressive Insurance with a name your price tool providing information on a range of insurance coverage and price options more at progressive dot com or 1800 progressive Now that s progressive support for Science Friday comes from the high sing Simons foundation unlocking knowledge opportunity and possibilities more at h.s. Foundation dot org Support also comes from the Alfred p. Sloan Foundation working to enhance public understanding of science technology and economics in the modern world and from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation more information at more dot org Science Friday is produced by the Science Friday initiative learn more about their work at Science Friday dot com. This is supported. N.y.c. Studio This is Connecticut Public Radio n.p.r. And n.p.r. 81 married in at 90.5 w p k t w p k t h d one Norwich 89.1. 8.5 Debbie you are allied Southampton at 91.3 and w n p all dot org on the Next Radio Lab thank God. I do Kenyans always win all this race are you going to get them. And what happens to New York City s after swooped about 1300000000 gallons every single day and n Why are kids afraid of quick sanity What are you afraid of the Iliad and civic grim down the Tolly more scary while some answers on the Next Radio Lab. Tomorrow afternoon at 3. Next time on Studio $360.00. She showed me that there was a way to feel pain and to transform it into art the brilliance and troubles of Billie Holiday you don t have to know anything about her life to feel the kind of pain and tragedy that embodies her music remembering Billie Holiday s Lady Sings the Blues next time on Studio 360. Sunday afternoon. Mostly sunny and humid today could feel like a 100 degrees. And well thanks for tuning in at 3 o clock. The u.s. Wants to go back to the moon but how will it get there I m Ira Flatow and this is Science Friday. This hour we talk with 2 engineers working on the Space Launch System NASA says make a rocket better to go to the moon and beyond plus on this 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 how can we preserve space history the answer may lie in museums and archives where the past is present and the present points to the future plus capturing the moon a stunning exhibit of lunacy all coming up after the break stay with us. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I m Janine Herbst Iran says it has seized a British oil tanker in the Strait of Hormuz ship tracking data shows the Sten imperiled was traveling from the United Arab Emirates to a port in Saudi Arabia when it suddenly veered toward Iran s coast of ours news agency says the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Navy issued a statement saying the British ship was disregarding international maritime rules and regulations as a pass through the strait ships owners say they re unable to contact the ship and a u.k. Government spokesperson says they re assessing the situation and trying to get more information President Trump continues to press the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates N.P.R. s Scott Horsley reports the central bank is considering a rate cut later this month u.s. Interest rates are already low but the president complains they re much higher.
Temps have been set up in many of the hardest hit areas the worst may not be as the United Nations says the number of deaths from HIV has fallen by a 3rd since 20 turn 277-0000 in 2018 un aids says almost 38000000 people live with HIV However you and Aids want efforts to eradicate the disease was stalling because of insufficient funding a street in Wales has been named the steepest in the world prompting celebrations by local residents who had campaigned for it the road for the pen in Harlech has been officially recorded by Guinness World Records as having a gradient of 37 percent the campaign to have the street recognise was led by a local historian after his car slid down it while the handbrake was fully locked and those are the latest stories from b.b.c. News. You re listening to the newsroom from the b.b.c. World Service with Mark Lobo will Ursula von Delenn be the next president of the European Commission the German defense minister and close ally of angular Merkel was a surprise nomination and will need to win over a majority of any p.s. If she is to get the job today she made her case to the European Parliament in an attempt to appeal to those socialist and green politicians who opposed her she spoke about Briggs it illegal immigration and climate change I will put forward a green deal for you Roth in my 1st 100 days in office I will put forward the 1st ever European Climate law which will set the 2050 target in law this increase of ambition will need investment on a major scale our Europe Correspondent Damian Grammaticus is that the European Parliament in Strasburg she is a center right politician ally of anger Merkel the way they were election result fell that grouping in the middle doesn t have enough votes to get it through that s a 1st for the European parliament that s not so easy so you re right she s what she s done today is appeal to the left side of the spectrum climate change you heard there that pledge to be climate neutral Europe climate neutral by 2050 a carbon boarder tax is talking about so on any imports to reflect the amount of carbon pumped out in producing goods in factories abroad say in China that s how climate picture the greens for the socialists are very angry that their candidate was passed over by e.u. Leaders she s reached out to them by pledging things like an unemployment insurance scheme across Europe a basic income scheme for workers across Europe to a minimum wage sort of scheme so those are things she s trying to picture to the left and center left but it s unclear still whether she can win enough votes there to get her over the line you know quite a balancing act to win the actual vote but if she does win the. Vote there be other pressing issues that you have to face early on what did she say about those. Yes So on the issue of immigration particularly refugees she was very clear about that she s been under pressure to be quite accommodating on that and that s another area where she reached out to liberal voters in the sort of center of the parliament talking about the fact that she believes the e.u. Has to do more to protect human rights the rights of refugees they should be she said a g.t. To save lives of those trying to cross the Mediterranean to reach the e.u. That s a bit controversial some of the more right wing governments in Europe so she s appealing there to the liberals talking about the pending the rule of law that means investigations of countries like Hungary more likely and then Brax it that big sort of issue that is looming at the end of October there isn t a vote winner in the chamber but she laid out very clearly her policy there which would be to be open to granting the u.k. More time so a further extension of the negotiation process she said if there was a good reason to do so and that got to do a lot of cheers from quite a lot of m e p s. I mean Grammaticus there 50 years ago today the Apollo 11 mission took off from what was then Cape Kennedy in Florida 4 days later American astronauts would become the 1st man to walk on the Moon Let s listen to one description of that unforgettable moment from a journalist covering the launch of Apollo 11 at the time. Said let s bring the field of play under these guys typically beautiful Saturn 5 launch what a role or a great flame over try spelling. Out the way it s going right. From our viewpoint where the B.B.C. s Washington Correspondent Jane O Brien joins us live on the line from the now renamed Cape Canaveral Jane it looks rather glitzy where you are as if they re pulling out all the stops Can you paint us a picture of what s happening there. Oh this is a really special day we re expecting thousands of people to converge on the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center which is where I am now and I m actually in front of a massive Saturn 5 rocket similar to the one that actually took the astronauts to the moon 50 years ago today and I ve I ve never stood next to a rocket of this size before it is huge but what is mind blowing is the tiny capsule on the top which is what the astronauts actually sat on in order to get into orbit and then more extraordinary come back alive and land back on Earth and so it s it s a it s a celebration of so many different things the technology the advancement the best science that teamwork the collaboration that got those 3 men into space and then of course just the celebration of the human endeavor in itself the fact that people at that point dreamt of going to the moon and had the wherewithal and the ambition to fulfill that mission so a lot of people will be coming here including 2 of the surviving astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins and some of the half a 1000000 people rocket scientists. Turned on the support people who actually were essential in making sure that Apollo 11 was a success it sounds like we re saying is not for the cross for phobic what memories have been shared so far by those that were involved in this mission. Well I ve actually just spoken to somebody who was there now when I say was where they were actually 3 and a half miles away from the launch site because that was as close as you could get and realistically as a civilian you you would die if you got any closer and unless you were an actual engineer and had protective clothing and he was describing the the knowledge that he was witnessing history and the physical sensation of the engines the rumbling the vibration the found the sight of the flame really stirring stuff but most importantly as I said the idea that this was something extraordinary and the fact that 50 years later we re still celebrating that extraordinary achievement and it still is enough to generate new interest in putting people back into the moon which is of course America s ambition for 2024 indeed and talk of future space exploration too thanks very much Jane there may be an annular currents but this year s monsoon rains in South Asia have already claims many lives and displaced millions of people Bangladesh Nepal and India have all been affected the United Nations sector general and Tonio good terrorists said the u.n. Stands ready to help the affected governments I ve been speaking to our correspondent in Delhi Regina a virgin are from the moment we re in more than 130 people have died across the region as a result of this weather will start with snow poor where more than 67 people have been reported dead but there are also many more who are missing now a lot of the deaths there or as a result of landslides also in Bangladesh there have been in bad floods that have hit. Hard number of fatalities there actually Mark has been as a result of lightning strikes a lot of farmers have been affected by the lightning there and some losing their lives but also the world s largest refugee camp Cox is bizarre invalid there has also been hit by this weather where I am in India in this country the state of Assam and the ha have seen millions of people displaced from their homes homes submerged even a national park has a wrong a national park which is home to a famous one horned rhino that is almost completely submerged now and people are bracing themselves for even more bad weather over the coming days and how do these compare to previous years a lot of people are citing the floods in 2017 where around 800 people lost their lives over the monsoon seasons now we are only in July and the monsoon season is due to go on until September so you know it is of course always bad no matter how many lives are lost no matter how many homes are displaced because you know there is nothing that people can do agencies obviously go in they do what they can to help with food resources but nobody likes to leave their home and that s what millions of people have been forced to do and routinely the u.n. Secretary general has been pledging the UN s help for the governments in these flood hit countries have you seen any sign of help yet I haven t been out to any of these areas but we are hearing reports of you know relief centers that have been set up where that happens every year people who are displaced taken to safety wherever possible and they re given food imagist the basic shelter as well but as is the case with a lot of these things Mark the real challenge in places like South Asia is how to find a long term solution to make sure that people s lives aren t affected in the same way year on year you re listening to the b.b.c. World Service not Gerry as the headlines true surviving astronauts from the 1st moon landing remarkable Collins will launch events today to. Mark the 50th anniversary of the German defense minister also left underly and is fighting to convince the European parliament to approve her nomination as president of the European Commission and I m a lazy in quarter so that the former prime minister Najib resigned spent $800000.00 at an Italian jewelers in a single day was doing quite a shopping lists Thanks Gerri. The former South African President Jacob Zuma is undergoing a 2nd day of questioning at a corruption inquiry as we reported on the program yesterday he s rejected allegations that he was personally corrupt and says he s the victim of a conspiracy a correspondent Milton cosey explained what is likely to happen we re expecting more answers to the specific allegations of corruption that President Zuma is facing but we did not go off without any drama again this morning President Zuma opened up his testimony by telling the judge but the last night between 7 and 8 pm he was personal assistant received a call where an anonymous caller told the p.a. Saying that tell Zuma that we are going to kill him his children and the people around him and the judge said that no one should be receiving any threats of violence purely by coming to testify here but he was also wondering whether Mr Zuma can receive any more protection than he already enjoys with members former head of state he still gets a lot of protection by virtue of having been head of state so that was the bombshell this morning which we were not expecting but then they began briefly into the nitty gritty of the 2nd of one of the senior officials in government who lost sons faired or stroke sacked because he refused to help the family friends of Mr Zuma the copters Milton and before today s dramatic disclosure Mr Zuma is legal team were arguing that they haven t received all the necessary documents to hand How s that argument being received so essentially what they we are going and that s correct there were arguing that the line of questioning by the evidence leader amounted to a cross examination they were saying that to their witness Mr Zuma should not be cross at them and because he was not prepared for cross-examination he was only prepared just to give his side of the story. So there we got into a really deeply legal debate between Mr Ramos lawyers and the charge up about what litigation and what and Tory Oh questioning means Musudan cozy in Johannesburg a new law banning public sexual harassment in the Philippines has been signed by President Rodrigo deter today but it s the president himself has been described as the single most brazen violator of the laws intent that comment came from a women s rights party which said the legislation was the result of hard work to combat what it calls an alarming rise in street based on public sexual harassment or Asia Pacific editor Michael Bristow told me what sort of behavior is now banned was a whole range of offenses from Wolf whistlin catcall in making sexual jokes all the way up to more serious offenses searches groping and stalking because the situation of offenses is a range of punishments as well coming from perhaps a fine of $20.00 and a few hours community service right up to 6 months in prison depending on the nature of defense and how many times offenders committed the particular offense so whole range of acts which have now been outlawed now won t be lost on many of our listeners the president to Turkey of course is himself being criticized for his attitude towards harassment of women well that s exactly why this is gained so much attention in the Philippines and beyond you don t really have to look far in the president s history to to pick up numerous examples of him appearing to transgress in the very laws which he s just signed in a few years ago he wolf whistled a female journalist who attended one of his press conferences a couple of years ago he went to South Korea in which he stood on the stage and was talking to Filipinos working there he invited a woman on on stage and she was visibly uncomfortable when he when he asked her to give him a kiss and the have been some. Very very serious instances as well a couple of years ago Mr deterred he even made a joke about a terrible crime in which an Australian missionary was raped and murdered in the city which he was running at the time in the 1980 s. So many many examples of Mr Detective seeming to transgress some of these crimes but aside from that unsettling soap opera in general has the new law been welcomed it has been welcomed many rights groups as you indicated earlier suggested that there s been a growth in a sort of an anti female culture on the streets of the Philippines and so they ve essentially said that this is really welcome and that they ve worked hard to try and get it they just won t president to Tertius to be the 1st person to abide by these rules in the future Michael Bristow that the states now whether for congresswoman who Donald Trump said should go back to the countries they came from have accused them of using the language of white nationalists speaking at a news conference here s how one of the 4 congresswoman involved I am the president responded I m encouraging the American people and all of us in this room and we are to take the bait. This is a disruptive distraction from the issues Ok or concern in consequence to the American people the Texas Republican congressman will hurt is one of the few elected Republicans who spoken out against Mr Trump s remarks the tweets are a racist and xenophobic period in this story and also not accurate because the 4 people he s talking about are u.s. Citizens and 3 of the 4 were born in the United States of America I think this is the behavior unbecoming of a president but also it hurts us politically because there was a civil war going on within the Democratic Party and now everybody is kind of circling the wagons and have come to their defense but despite those comments our correspondent in Washington Nick Bryant says the president seems happy to keep their all going he double down the why has virtually attacking these nonwhite female congressman and he pulled down on Twitter later on if you are not happy here he wrote in capital that says you can leave and he was using language obviously this is well outside the parameters of traditional presidential discourse attacking these women as radical left Democrats anti israel pro-al Qaida women who hated America and we have this extraordinary hour while Trump was launching his relates hist onslaught against him simle tiny Asli they were on Capitol Hill holding a press conference these 4 women that are often called the squad Alexandria or cacio Cortez perhaps the most famous but some of the strongest words came from ill Han She s a congresswoman the 1st of 2 Muslim women elected to Congress she accused Mr Trump of launching a blatantly racist attack she said this is the agenda of white nationalists can 3 of them were born in the United States of course one of whom was born just down the road from where I don t trump. Was born only ill Hannah was born in Somalia and she came here as a child so they are aware that the president is trying to bait them into this rather fact that he is escalating shows a he seems to be enjoying it and they he thinks it s a political purpose for him he thinks it revs up the base for Donald Trump it s these moderate conservatives many of whom voted for him last time holding their noses because they hated Hillary Clinton and that negative partisanship they voted for him because they hated the alternative that s the worry I think for him and that s one of the reasons why the Republicans lost the House of Representatives in last November s midterm election it was those moderate Republicans who are the state home who voted for the Democrats and that s the political problem for Donald Trump It appeals to the base but in my alienate some of those moderate Republicans . A correspondent in Washington Nick Bryant Jerry has some other stories from our news desk Ryanair has revealed that it doesn t expect to receive any of the Boeing 737 magnum craft it is on order until next year as a result it says it will have to alter the summer shadows for next year cut back on plant growth and cut some of its bases bound to doesn t expand to cancel any of its current orders for the aircraft is our business correspondent Theo Leggett The 737 Max was grounded worldwide in the aftermath of a crash in Ethiopia in April in which 157 people were killed it was the 2nd major accident involving the new plane in 5 months it won t be allowed to fly again until regulators in the United States and Europe have approved modifications put forward by Boeing the manufacturer is hoping this can be done by September but Ryanair says it s prudent to plan for the day to slip by some months it doesn t expect to have any of its own new aircraft in service until early next year and will have fewer planes operating next summer than anticipated as a result it says it will consult with unions and employees about cutting services from some of its bases starting this winter the world s largest education publisher has taken the 1st step towards phasing out print books by making all its leading resources digital 1st the British firm Pearson said students would only be able to rent physical textbook textbooks from now on and the be updated much less frequently it hopes the move will make more students bides he textbooks which are updated continually. Spanish police say they ve arrested a man at Barcelona airports who had hidden half a kilo of cocaine under his wig the Colombian man attracted the attention of customs officers who noticed that he was wearing a disproportionately large hairpiece under his hat during what they later called Operation 2 paid police found a perfectly sealed package taped to the man s head it contained cocaine worth almost $35000.00 a check stud farm which was founded 440 years ago to breed and train horses for the have spared emperors court has been added to UNESCO s World Heritage List the national starred farm located in Easton Prague is the 1st Art Farm on the you know scale list you know as go describes it as one of Europe s leading horse breeding institutions developed at a time when horses played vital roles in transport agriculture military support and aristocratic representation. It s not been a great few days for New Zealand after an agonizing defeat in Sunday s Cricket World Cup They ve only got to last another title to the British they can no longer claim the world s steepest street previously in dire need and it s now officially in Wales as our very own Jonathan Savage reports it s on the rugby pitch that Wales and New Zealand are familiar rivals but this is a street fight or rather a battle between 2 streets Baldwin Street in the Needham whose 35 percent gradient has been officially surpassed by 4th penciler in Harlem North Wales the Welsh are fought for a year to take the title in the Guinness Book of Records and now they finally prove that their own road has a gradient of 37.45 percent Syrah bad and coordinated the claim absolutely elated and exhausted of course after the hard work over the last year you know I can remember as a little girl walking up this road every Sunday to Sunday school a little a day from our street club blog used to bring us up and she did the same for many generations it s very much part of our culture here for Spencer had to meet certain criteria a public thoroughfare at least 10 metres long with buildings on both sites in New Zealand disappointment journalist Hamish McNeely has been writing profitably about Baldwin Street for over a decade while I m still angry I m angry of a lot of things in the world this week but really just ruined my week but he has a warning for the Welsh be careful what you wish for every years of become more and more popular particularly with the needle being a harbor city so we have cruise ships coming in and it s just a constant stream of tourists going there if I talk to a lady today who often has our tourist wandering around her house taking photographs inside or around the gardens people think it s like some sort of Disneyland attraction for Kiwis there is still plenty to celebrate in what I think we can now call their bitter rival. Ri with the Welsh a dominant record in rugby a superior number of sheep and the longest place name in the world yes while Welsh tongues can rattle off some for procreation coke out of control. New Zealand goes further with apologies can I have a one way ticket please to 2 matter for tunny Hunter cool or Tom to rebook bookie Munger or a new coupon for new Archita. Or you want me to spell it proof there ain t no word long enough for the newsroom s Jonathan Savage there that s nearly all from me in the team here at the newsroom just to say For more on our top story the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 watch check out the b.b.c. World Service dot com website goodbye. In a moment here on the b.b.c. World Service we need some Superman grist and then Julian Marshall will be here with news hour left off we mark the 50th anniversary of your Pollard mission that landed a man on the moon Germany s defense minister convinced the European Parliament to confirm her use of that same 30 minutes then people fixing the world looks at one Italian City s approach to mental illness if you have some problems if you are unaware you can come and ask help that and we will support you and not only you about your parents your family your neighbors to family made Irene Tracy the queen of pain the really good thing to experience pain is your body s alarm system it s something that tells you you are the damaged and evil craft yourself all this something that s potentially hurt you and going to do something even damaging to you you can hear more maybe Sea World Service dot com discovery. You re listening to the b.b.c. World Service with me Ed Butler today we are looking at college education with a growing number of graduates struggling under a mountain of debt and to get a decent job or universities delivering that missing is old style education really fit for purpose or is it time to reinvent uni for the digital age let s business daily in a couple of minutes. B.b.c. News where Gerry Smit the German defense minister also left underly and has set out her priorities if confirmed as president of the European Commission she told your and P s that she would tighten control of illegal migration and call for Europe to become climate neutral by 2050 the 2 surviving members of the Apollo 11 program will be reunited shortly at the NASA launch pad where the 1st manned mission to the moon began exactly 50 years ago as Aldrin and Michael Collins will meet in Florida to commemorate the mission I m a lazy in court has heard that the former prime minister Najib Razak spent more than $800000.00 in one day at a jewelers in Italy afterwards Mr Knight Jeep on trial for money laundering said it had been spent on gifts for members of a foreign royal family Italy s interior minister met veiny who s the head of the far right League has ordered the country s regional prefects to report on the presence of members of the Roma Sinti and community communities the Interior Ministry said the aim was to shut down illegal camps the Congolese all for it is say that a pastor who was the 1st confirmed victim of a bowler in a crowded eastern city of Goma has died the arrival of a boner in Goma a major trade Crossroads has raised fears it could spread more widely. The b.b.c. Is closing its bureau and operations in Burundi until further notice after efforts to resolve issues with the author it is there failed in March the government banned b.b.c. Transmissions after accusing it of airing a documentary that it said had damaged the country s reputation and Spanish police say they ve arrested a man a Barcelona airport hadn t half a kilo of cocaine under his wig customs officers notice that the Colombian was wearing a disproportionately large piece b.b.c. News. Hello there I m Ed Butler and welcome to business daily from the b.b.c. Coming up the spreading use of online study aids to transform what universities teach I do tell people like I give away my degree because that s why I started the show is when the government should watch ration fees I thought that s really unfair so I m just going to give away what I ve learned for free online from You Tube to digital classrooms the Internet is challenging old models but can it really be better than traditional university education universities have nothing to do with education they have everything to do with the quality of research they have been decoupled from what research say The relies on universities for that s all to come in business daily from the b.b.c. . And all the talk of digital disruption in the modern age is university education one of the last great institutions that s resisting reform it s a time we rethought the way that we choose to and train the brightest and the best among our young people well maybe over the years I ve spoken to quite a few educators evangelizing the potential of what s called Tech the meeting of education and technology consider the pole world for example where under-resourced teaching is a growing impediment these days to development Cellcom runs a u.s. Based digital education platform called the Khan Academy I can imagine that if you re in a village in someplace in Africa or India you could learn a lot of your core skills especially in the stem subjects and then you could prove it that frees up class time to do the richer things like you know if you re in math to do proofs if you re in writing to get peer feedback if you re in a history to have a Socratic dialogue but I also think those things we can start to experiment virtually as well you know you have to things like Google Hangout and Skype now the virtual computers digital whatever you want to call it actually in my mind has a chance of making the experience Morse human you re going to have more personalization and really being able to cater the education to your individual needs and yet for all the promise of technology how much has actually changed in education in recent years at university level especially it seems to been relatively slow today we re going to be looking at why that is and some of the ways that online video technology is making inroads 1st let s hear from Ben Nelson he s c.e.o. Of something called the Minerva project an education system designed to combine existing classroom teaching with life seminar learning systems and new curriculums The problem is today the dissemination of knowledge is no longer a barrier the real barrier is how to interpret that knowledge what to do with it how to bring the various systems of thinking to the data that we get presented and the. Process of training a mind to do that is quite a bit different than the process of dissemination of knowledge nonetheless there is still surely that is sensual dynamic of the face to face pedagogical guidance that you talk about that that thing that interaction human to human that is really hard to replicate through a screen Well actually that s that s one of the things that we have found that that face to face interaction is far superior in environment built for it as opposed to one that is done by happenstance more from Ben Nelson and his project in a bit but 1st let s look at a couple of case studies some You Tube as these days are using their channels to explore and explain ideas science politics philosophy simply just share what they ve learned for some it s become something of a business in its own right the B.B.C. s brain Lindsay has been to meet one such online educator and performer. She was where we where we are we are at a studio in North London somewhat of a take. This is all of a thought on he s an actor currently touring the u.k. In a production of Much Ado About Nothing but that s not why I ve come to see him. Alongside acting only has another career. Bubble by brick of my thumb something we keep it s. Always You Tube channel philosophy has nearly 500000 subscribers and his videos regularly get half a 1000000 or more views he makes money from ad revenue and support on the crowdfunding platform Patria all these videos sometimes have guests that you would expect to see on a You Tube channel about philosophy but the time this comes out the one with the snakes will be out I did a half a percent a while ago on a horse which was good for and about the royal family so part of it is just me starting to say well what can I do what can I get away with like what s going to be fine and what is possible all you started philosophy Chub for a simple reason he did a master s degree in philosophy the year before the u.k. Government tripled university tuition fees this made it far more difficult for young Britons to access education so he thought he d share what he d loans online the banner on philosophy cheap still reads giving away a philosophy degree for free this episode is all about whether or not you exist if you ve ever so much as did your telling the vast ocean that is philosophy then you will have heard the phrase I think therefore I am 1st written by 17th century French philosopher and Captain Cook look alike they take heart in it I do tell people like I give away my degree because that s why I started the shows when the government should let us in fees I thought that s really unfair so I m just going to give away what I ve learned for free online and I actually wanted to originated just record my lectures and upload them and my university said no you can t do that so that s why I m on camera writing scripts and summarizing it because they wouldn t I would have been fine to not be in the videos but then they said I couldn t do that in the years since he started philosophy Chub has changed from a fairly straight talking to camera kind of format to something a bit more theatrical Unlike you I feel like we ve known each other a long time where a dying breed. You and I The world is changing it seems like everywhere you look flames are beginning to rise we have to be so careful not to lose everything that we built. Only makes videos that are a kind of mix of education and entertainment using his background in philosophy and his training and creativity as an actor it s similar to what other You Tube or such as and he speaks contra points unfolding ideas do these You Tube creators use the platform to show their audience how ideas taken from philosophy or politics science and the arts how these ideas interact with the world today developing their own unique storytelling style and technique as they go for every new video I like to challenge myself I set myself a little personal goal whether it s like learn to use a green screen or like put in a big musical number probably because it s fun because there s more than one way of explaining things some people are like Oh you used to just explain ideas and I m like well I m still exploiting them I m just explaining in a different way a lot of people come to me and I like Oh I didn t get it until I heard the song until I saw the character. The actor and philosophy teacher all of a thorne there he s not the only one exploiting you cheap these days to teach either how it s really and today I m going to be showing you how I make it hard to believe and basically Ruby Granger calls herself a study Chuba She s a 1st year university student herself in the u.k. And she s simpleton easily broadcasting advice videos to other students a whopping $350000.00 of them on how to prepare for their schoolwork and exams my aim really online is to help students to be the best versions of themselves that they can be in a to achieve their full potential whilst also protecting their mental health so there s a huge focus on study advice but all say Time Management in allowing for a walk life balance in terms of mental health I just saw one of your posts it was about a 14 hour study day yes you know you re not recommending a 14 hour study you know I m not saying a long study days are things that personally for me have walked in the past and 3 doing them I ve been able to recommend to some concentration and avoiding distraction procrastination but equally I always stress you know this isn t every single pass and this might be he but not everyone sure procrastination some would say watching you cheat videos is procrastination I agree that it can be procrastination but why not make it productive procrastination and be learning at the same time and be watching really Granger which I mean you do put out a lot of this stuff and you ve got what hundreds of thousands of subscribers somehow Yes it s it s a marathon I think about it yeah it does sound remarkable to me that watching somebody study is a form of You Tube content I suppose it does say that the pressure on young people around this study process is so great that they are starved of ways to tackle it. I really think that the pressure which is on young people at the moment is extraordinary and when I 1st started university I daily blog every single day of face past 2 weeks and people were watching these videos and they were going 3 the exact same thing you know they were going through fresh is having a very fast having a fast and not meeting that professes earned having that shot experience with somebody else he s distant but equally really quite place at the same time I think can still be valuable you Juba Ruby Granger You re listening to business daily from the b.b.c. World Service with me Ed Butler incidentally a u.k. Estimate suggests that one in 5 British students are consulting you Cheever s like Ruby these days for study advice but is there a counterview to all this enthusiasm for video teaching aids Kevin Cruz is a professor of history Princeton University he s a bit more measured about what he reckons online education can offer but there are a lot of benefits to the what we call America the flipped classroom and I ve certainly seen that it s sweeping across some elementary schools and high schools as well as colleges so I do think that there are going to be made for that I ve never personally taught a course that way so I can t speak to the benefits of that method I do think however the more traditional lecture and seminar style classrooms really do serve a valuable purpose both in terms of communicating the grand narrative of history in my case but also in probing books with a lively discussion that has take place face to face so maybe that we have a future in which both of these forms flourish I don t really see one replacing the Other Professor Cruz has focused considerable efforts Combating Online misinformation after all you do get all sorts on the Internet and not every further education to let s be honest is worthy of the name one controversial offering is the self-styled prego university set up by conservative u.s. Talk show host Dennis Prager it has no accreditation and bills itself as an antidote to what it calls the liberal bias university system is some of what the. Channel brute costs leftism destroys everything it touches perhaps the most obvious example one that many liberals acknowledge is the left near destruction of most universities as places of learning Well Kevin Cruz has spent a lot of time t. Bunking claims about American history put out by sites like this one I think they co-opt the term university because they were claim the prestige that comes with that but their style of inquiry their style of advocacy isn t remotely like what you would see at any accredited college or university anywhere in the world so it really is a deliberate ruse on their part to claim that title when they they don t embody the values of the university So is this fake cheatery a serious argument to denigrate all of the various educational sites you can now find online Well I saw only what they want to denigrate the work of people who are sharing their knowledge on more like You Tube I think that s a valuable service I do that we have to think about this as a whole and consider the misinformation campaigns along with those who are actually trying to inform a scholar who s been out You Tube videos or who is like I m trying to correct the record on Twitter is doing this on their own time and for free on the other side you have heavily financed sites largely on the right who really have a lot of money behind them and can really push this message aggressively so it s not quite kind of the open marketplace of ideas there s a heavy thumb on the scale here Professor Kevin Cruz Well we heard earlier from Ben Nelson of Minerva his online platform partnering with universities from Hong Kong to the United States introducing a wide variety of digital tools to assist existing curriculums indeed he offers to reinvent others entirely as online modules he gave me an example of how modern technology like his can assist a typical college class what science has shown us is that students actually do not retain information if they are just listening they need to be doing active processing and what you can do in a law. Live the video environment where there is a camera pointed directly at every students face you can create techniques and methodology used to ensure that the other students real time are actually assessing the answer the professor will then cut off the student that s entering halfway through their question ask a different student to complete the question ask a 3rd student to rebut the question a 4th student to finish the rebuttal but the computer will track them out of time every single student is talking such that the professor doesn t just call in their favorites but make sure that everybody in the class is in caged So the the professor in the scenario is gazing at a split screen with 17 faces and picking one after the other to interact with correct and I suppose this allows the students to be one in Kuala Lumpur another in Wagadu a 3rd in Miami I mean they could be around the world if that s what you how you prefer to implement it we have primarily implement our system so far in residential universities we re actually all the students are located in the same location oftentimes with a professor but the preferred medium of instruction is this much richer data environment and this actually is a testament to how powerful this medium is so are you saying that almost being in the room together is a disadvantage in this context correct while this is actually better than the existing one without question you actually cannot the liver the kind of curriculum that we have designed one where you bring various learning objectives and introduce them in one class taught by one professor and then carry them through out the curriculum in various contexts and carry that data through you cannot do that offline Ben if you just measurably provably aced tertiary education for the digital age in one fell swoop how come everyone isn t doing it. Well that s that s a great question remember that we only started enabling other institutions to implement a Minerva system less than a year ago so it s very very new but the 2nd element is that universities are institutions that have been around for a long long time and there is a general resistance to change but the far more insidious problem is that we as a society have affectively let universities off the hook because universities have no incentive not to actually produce more effective teaching and let me just expand on that because that s a not a non-controversial claim certainly not if universities are driven by prestigious think about the pursuit of Nobel Prizes and field medals and other on a reflects being members of the world society etc They have nothing to do with education they have everything to do with the quality of research so is the future of education then the future of college education everyone staring at a screen to an extent when you look at the amount of time that students spend on a quote unquote screaming in a nerve system it is between 9 to 12 hours a week now show me a modern day worker of any kind that doesn t stare to screen far more than that. And so yes we believe that 9 to 12 hours a week of physical classroom time should be replaced by a more data rich environment but the rest of your time is living in the real world and taking advantage of it for your educational purposes that spend else and c.e.o. Of them and it does seem as though it s still going to take some time for the old school universities the leading lights of Europe and the United States to transform that curriculums to the digital age but change it s promised is gradually on the way tomorrow will be here telling us power and why it s really is falling out of love with the euro join us that. You re listening to the b.b.c. World Service and now it s time to witness history I m clear. This week to mark 50 years since the 1st moon landing we re bringing you a selection of 1st hand accounts of humankind s adventures in outer space and it was in June 1963 that the Soviet Union space program sent the 1st woman into space Lucy ash went to Russia to find out about Valentino Tara historic voyage. A low profile and female public. Preparing to make the top 10 mile no doubt on. Her her own. On a crackly connection from 0 gravity Valentino cover announced her radio call sign to anxious listeners Ana. I am Cheika pacifically Today I am Cheika the Russian word for Siegel this sturdy 26 year old with blue eyes and plump cheeks was the 1st woman in outer space on the 16th of June 1963 in her orange space suit gray boots and helmet stamped with the letters u.s.s.r. She squeezed into vast toxics a 2 and a half meter capsule and was shot into orbit adding yet another 1st to the Soviet space race after the 1st satellite the 1st animal and the 1st man in an interview she gave in 1977 terrace cover was careful to share the credit for her achievement by lute because Munna glowed with its agreement to Lady huge when a cousin of goes into. Space he or she knows very well that it s not their work alone there are thousands of workers who made the cups or designers engineers doctors another scientist who prepared them for the flight. As a young girl to discover was fascinated by speed and movement she wants said she envy the engine drivers and wished she could be in that place driving trains across the world as a teenager she looked to the skies and joined a parachute club 50 feet. Out of form after waiting to give a shout out work on the place where they took the car in October after Eureka Guarin the 1st man to return from space in 1961 terrorist cover wrote to the or Thora cities begging to be sent into space it was a longshot she was a factory worker but the central committee was eager to find proletarian heroes agents from the space program secretly came to watch her parachute jumps and then she was invited to Moscow for cosmonaut training but she wasn t alone. Valentino upon a merry over was one of the cosmonauts who trained alongside Kurdish Corporal let you know that you have the 5 and a strike the 1st were a bit guarded soon we were spending more time together we all live in the same complex we train together meals together and did everything together in some ways it sounds like a cross between the army and holiday camp they out there you know there was a piano in the canteen and all the cosmonaut to gather round in the evening we were full of enthusiasm we love singing together especially the new songs are they going to space exploration and it. Wasn t. On the 19th of November 1962 selection for the flights. Took place the 2 Valentino s Ponomaryov and 10 ish cover with the final candidates but who would be the 1st Soviet woman in space ideology trumped expertise when it came to the final choice Tarrasque of a mouth her support for the party and her daughter Yelena now admits that have fresh face caught the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev s she wasn t just. The fact. That is why maybe she. Is it true that crucial liked the way she looked this is also on the fact she like a very much. And maybe she compared them to. Jackie Kennedy poor Valentino upon the Mario of a man who had the best test results but she failed to impress the selection board when asked what do you want from life she replied I want to take everything it can offer Ponomaryov a still can t hide her disappointment at being passed over her children but it was a terrible moment when Tara shoulder took off and we were left behind numbskulls our need you they told us to fret your all get the chance to go to space we come onto that hope for a very long time it makes you upset even now all these years later you think maybe store again is the course that was pressing it Marvie because there is it seemed of my life or suddenly or over there was nothing else to live for. Back in 1963 a British t.v. Program featured pictures from inside terrace cover space capsule and a pen or pencil floating around the pencil in which you make no compact floating about in space where it goes out of the pop of your great. Pad. Tarrasque of his conversation from space with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was broadcast around the world. Contact with ground control was intermittent during tears covers 3 days in space. The further away the space ship drifts she later said the more you start to miss the sounds of nature of rainfall there were reports of problems the mission had to be modified at the time terrorist call the vehemently denied of a sleeping but later admitted to it she also denies vomiting in the capsule although these days nausea is recognised as a common reaction to space conditions she also did become quite ill didn t she the space food didn t agree no no it was not that these come from the memoirs of some of the people involved in the 1st space program and why would they make stuff up my mother told me about those people and I myself also read this articles and you tell me if we were very jealous and it was very complicated. After 3 days in space it was time for her return at 7 kilometers above ground she was catapulted out of the capsule still stuck in the ejection chair 4 kilometers up the parachute opened I asked Yelena what her mother had told her about the moment she fell to Earth 1st she was noticed by peasants who lived a new Am I wrong to her space ship and start to touch her Oh you life Oh you saw me interesting in my mother. She let them taste test special special food because for those people it was very interesting and my mother told me about their parents I looked at. My mom and totally space I did you see. Because you were very very much a talk I put you in the room because. She was given a triumphant reception in Moscow after the flight as she strode along a red carpet and White High Holy Spirit picker cleared her Cinderella of the stars and Guarin in a skirt. After terror was somewhat faltering speech she got a massive bear hug from Crucial before she was allowed to move along to a tiny stooped woman in a headscarf weeping mother. After the flight crew shoved organized a state wedding between Valentino and fellow cosmonaut and 3 on the color of their divorce 19 years later when he had grown up but after Valentina s inspirational flight her trail turned to cinders it was 20 years before another woman was sent into orbit. And that was Lisa with the story of Valentino Tarrasque over and if you d like to listen to more of our history programs just such I m lying for the b.b.c. Witness history here on the b.b.c. World Service Shaima is heading to Iraq here in Mosul people lived under the control of Islamic state for 3 years the destruction of muscles cultural heritage came to the attention of the British Museum to train some Iraqi women an archaeological reconstruction between the rebels there s her teacher training to save the treasures of Iraq on the b.b.c. World Service at b.b.c. World Service dot com. And in 60 minutes people fixing the world where this week we re in the Italian city of tree asked which in the 1970 s. Closed its asylum and chose to care for people with mental health problems in the community system is still going strong that s after news hour here on the b.b.c. World Service the world s radio station. Welcome to News from the b.b.c. World Service I m Julian Marshall lift off we mark the 50th anniversary of the start of the Apollo mission that landed a man on the moon the news was showing people around the world in Sydney and Japan and Russia in Europe in Paris in London watching after he landed on them and I haven t looked at me as that money you re going to be in the history but can Germany s defense minister win over the European Parliament to clinch the e use top job how London surgeon the separated could join twins connected by their skulls slowly painstakingly the surgeons separating vessels brain and. We should join these twins together very lives and a rare b.b.c. Report from inside Iran on the impact of u.s. Economic sanctions that s off to the news. Hello I m Marianne Marshall with the b.b.c. News the German defense minister who sort of underlying is fighting to convince the European Parliament that she s worthy of taking the top job she d be the 1st woman to do so Damian Grammaticus is in Strasburg addressing parliament today she appears have won over liberals with promises to protect the a used democratic values sensual do more to save the lives of refugees try to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe and should be tough on countries like Hungary that backslide on the rule of law but socialists are angry their preferred candidate was rejected by leaders in the backroom deal that resulted in missed on the line selection to try to win over the left she s promised social policies like moves towards a minimum wage workers in the you white unemployment insurance and to win Green vote she s promised to make the e.u. Climate neutral by 2050 and to bring in a carbon tax on all imports but as he is on the line could still be rejected by the parliament and if she is the e.u. Will be plunged into a new institutional crisis the 2 surviving members of the Apollo 11 program will be reunited shortly at the NASA launch pad where the 1st manned mission to the moon began exactly 50 years ago Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins will meet at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at the start of a week of events to celebrate the mission John Logsdon was one of the people watching close by when the rocket took off you 1st saw the flames from the rocket and then it took a number of seconds for the sound to reach you when you felt the sound that reverberated through your body the rocket accelerated very slowly of the pad seen wing hung there was unforgettable the closers a civilian could get was about 3 and a half miles in case there was a horrible accident that could hear basically the energy of a small nuclear bomb in that rocket. The earth art is in the Democratic Republic of Congo say that a pastor who was the 1st confirmed victim of a bowler in the crowded eastern city of Goma has died Goma is a major trade crossroads on the border with Rwanda and the death has raised fears that the outbreak will spread. Africa regional editor Will Ross the governor of North Kivu Province colleagues called for karma she announced that the evangelical preacher had died she said the case had been detected quickly in the passengers who travelled with him had been identified but a bowler reaching Goma is however extremely worrying in such a bustling densely populated city it s hard to trace and isolate people who may have come into contact with the virus the fact that a preacher chose to visit an infected area where he frequently touched worshippers including the sick shows that ignorance is still a major problem and far more education about a bowler is needed Africa regional editor Will Ross reporting you re listening to the latest world news from the b.b.c. The campaign group Human Rights Watch says the Syrian government is punishing the fam.
Couple of questions for you what would you give up feel mum I wonder if you d be prepared to do what one Eritrean writer did and give up sex well here why a little later and if you had the chance to go into space what code name would you choose Valentino at Irish cover announced her radio call sign to anxious listeners Ana. I am Cheika receptacle Today I am Cheika the Russian word for Siegel Valentino s daughter tells us all about her mother the fust woman in space but our 1st story today comes from Neal where sell the human heart. It s a compelling sound. There s a built in drama we know if it does this. Where immediately in a life or death situation Professor Steven West if he has spent 40 years living here in this tent zone between life and death he s a surgeon who operated on more than 12000 hearts and he reckons he saved 97 percent of them but as we ll hear it s the debts that haunt him. Surgery is just the beginning of his lifesaving work there are inventions to that promise to save lives long after he s gone. West of the story is an unlikely one it starts on the back streets of Scunthorpe a steel town in the north of England in the hard years following the 2nd World War It s also a story that by its nature contains some graphic descriptions including one of a child so be warned I used to live across the road from a very dear grandfather my grandfather smoked as everybody did in those days and he worked in smoke in the steel works because in scum folks it was nothing else and one day we were out walking the dog and he clutched his chest and fell to his knees and was having a heart attack and after about half an hour he got up again and we got home he went home he didn t go to the hospital no we went home I mean I didn t know it was out attack he didn t that there was nothing that could be done so we carried on and I watched him have another heart attack and then another heart attack and then sink into severe heart failure which is a miserable miserable miserable existence patients with bad heart failure they can t put on shoes because there are ankles are so swollen they need larger clothes because that bellies swell eventually they can t sleep flat because they have to breath so my grandfather had to sit out in a chair to sleep and event. She one day I came home from school and a black Austin Healey was outside my grandfather s home I knew that that was the g.p. I slipped in very quietly and I watch my grandfather down I blue and unable to breathe Stephen was to be was 7 years old the image of his dead grandfather would stick with him the rest of his life it s easy to forget just how far science has come in the early 1950 s. Heart surgery was in its infancy American doctors had just invented the heart lung machine which kind of does what it says it takes over from the heart and lungs while surgeons operate on the real heart it was a huge advance in 1955 my parents got to a small black and white television set. And one of the areas programs I remember was cold your life in their hands included and it is a 7 minute race and we were there to see it but that s typical of what I didn t think and it used to cover and Vance s in hospital care the discussions of heart surgery were exciting and new and I was very taken by it all so there you are you watching this black and white television about these advances in science and did you was it like yeah I m going to do that or was it more oblique No it was yes I m going to do that because the little I knew was that if you re going to be a heart surgeon you needed to be able to operate skillfully and my grandfather before he died had recognized the fact that I was ambidextrous and wow yeah he taught me to draw and paint and saw that I could draw with both hands I wrote with my right hand but I could with my left if if I needed to. That s no small skill and he wasn t just good with his hands he also had good grades he was the 1st in his family to go to university but rather than a source of pride that was a source of insecurity he turned down a place at Cambridge University because he didn t think he d fit in he went instead to Charing Cross medical school in London where he found a violent cure for shyness I could not put my hand up in a class in a lecture theatre I mean you couldn t ask a question no I was too embarrassed to stick my hand up and ask a question but I did learn to play rugby and actually that turned out to be a strategic thing for me because we went on tour playing rugby and one grey winter s day in Cornwall and the teams in Cornwall were very tough and. And cut a long story short I took a blow to the head fractured the frontal bone of my skull and I was not clean out and when it when I eventually came round I was in the changing rooms and was seeing stars and instead of taking me off to a hospital then these medical students caring people took me to the bar to sing songs. And after several pints of beer and lapsing into unconsciousness overnight the following morning I was very sick I had a serious head injury and so they shipped the previously shy and retiring medical student back to the London Hospital and and on the 1st night a very nice nurse was looking after me in a single room and I thought she looks very nice and I I got amorous with them and that was very not me yeah this doesn t sound like the boy who used to nervous and put his hand at last not nervous anymore but from then on the medical school knew that. To be before that injury was different now after that injury so suddenly I was social secretary for the medical school organizing the dances and hospital balls and before long I was kept in a rugby I was just Morpheus what the head injury did was to take away fear and then editions now we had the full mix of skills for a successful surgeon hands brains and baldness the rugby accident had damaged part of his right frontal cortex an area that controls inhibition and risk taking suddenly he was cool under pressure competitive and that s a well defined outcome from certain frontal head injuries if you re going to be a surgeon you don t want to be a frightened surgeon at any point in this early part of your career did you see anything that gave you pause so that you really thought oh I need to learn a lesson here I was keen when I got to medical school to try and see what heart surgery looked like. And one day I heard that there was art operation I distinctly remembered it was a Wednesday. And in the early afternoon when the lectures had finished I sneaked into the old Charing Cross hospital I found the viewing gallery and I sat down to watch the operation was not going well hm. And this was a young woman with a baby who had had rheumatic heart disease and they were attempting to replace one of us and at this stage of the operation they were trying to separate from the lung machine and I had the surgeon say Well give us some adrenaline give us some adrenaline what the adrenaline was meant to do was make this poor failing heart beat a bit faster and a bit stronger and the nice that is gave it and the blood pressure started to go up but it went up in a noncontroversial way and he went up and up and up and eventually part of the repair gave way and there was just an explosion of blood that hit the lights came up towards me in the viewing gallery and then showered the surgeons and the surgeons walked away as they frequently did in those days in a state of disappointment but I sat and watched as the nurses cleared up the operating theatre and the poor girl s body and I listened to their conversations and just took it all in did it change the way you would come to view future patients would you become more or less emotionally gauged with them because of this you cannot as a surgeon I m afraid. Allow yourself to be emotionally engaged because you are going to see a lot of patients die and you know however hard I tried and believe me I did try very very high I would go to any extreme not to lose a patient whether it be a child or an adult that willingness to go to extremes helped his career he got scholarships and began to study and work abroad at one point and an emergency room in New York he saw a drug addled man with a knife charge and a nurse by now the shy kid from Scunthorpe was long gone Dr West to be rugby tackled him over some chairs the knife slicing open his thumb the Thankful nurse so that up and the injury had no long term effect on his surgical skills he developed a specialty in the tricky business of pediatric surgery or operating on babies he tells the story of one child when he was working in the Saudi capital Riyadh and I was shown this child by an American County alleges he said I ve got a baby with a Tuman. And dextro Candia heart. That was on the wrong side of the chest and I don t think you can do anything about it and for me that was a challenge and without even seeing the baby and I said I m going to help now when I open the child it was quite apparent to me that I could not do a conventional operation and get tat the Chuma where it was without on the wrong side of the chest. The tumour was obscured and and an approach from the from just wouldn t have given me adequate exposé to deal with it safely. And then it just occurred to me right I ll take the heart out operate tell me it on a separate table remove the obstruction and then stitch that back as if it was a transplanted. And actually that worked rather well how big was the heart about the size of worn out I guess so I and I put that back and gosh was very proud of myself when the baby came off a long machine and was looking good but it happened that he needed a pacemaker and a temporary pacemaker just why is that you so to the surface of the heart. And sometime during the night one of the wires was pulled out of the chest accidentally and the child had a cardiac arrest I wasn t there there was no reason I should have been at the time I had kids to operate on the following day so I needed some sleep like anybody else but the child died I only found out about that the following morning and when I went to breakfast in the hospital I d heard that a body had been found in the complex and the more I learned about it the more I was worried and it transpired that the poor mother when she had the baby had died and been allowed to hold the baby in a room on our own and she d run away so she ran out with the baby and she went to the top of the tallest part of the hospital and jumped in the moment are you able to do like take the afternoon off or do you just keep going what how do you deal to. Know why I d gone. After I d learned about. All of that I actually went to theatre and operated on another baby is not that s not healthy to think maybe it wouldn t happen these days but. I firmly believe that if you re going to do out on the edge surgery if you can to help the sickest patients you have to walk away if things don t go right. This is the career you re describing you re moving around a lot you re working all the time do you have any kind of personal life oh I did. In my early years as I was I have to say I was totally totally focused I had a child when I was in my late twenties not long after his daughter was born he left to work and study in the u.s. By the time he got home to England nearly a year later the marriage was over the attrition rate in in marriages in young surgeons was enormous There were medical schools in America who would warn people when they applied that if they were married they certainly wouldn t be by the end of their time in a medical school and it was worse for surgeons surgeons with the worst heart surgeon brakes heart would be attempting tabloid headline but at this point Stephen west of his life was all about the work he d become dazzled by the potential of artificial hearts you can help people with heart failure but how transplants are very very rare. And you need somebody to die to provide that organ and I always thought there has to be a better way thinking back to my grandfather he would never have been offered a transplant there has to be a mechanical solution. And the total artificial hearts large devices that entered Phil to produce pulse in the circulation they were too big and bulky and impractical to ever be the solution and sometimes I watch total artificial hearts been implanted and they couldn t even close the breastbone over the top a right and one day at a meeting in America I met an artificial heart engineer called Robert Jarvik who started out designing the big total pulsatile artificial hearts but he did realize that that wasn t the way forward it was the beginning of a partnership that would revolutionize heart surgery Robert Shardik had invented a pump which helped circulate blood through the body when a failing heart can t we hadn t figured out was how to keep the pump powered up that s where Dr West to be came in together they created the Jarvik 2000 this is the topic 2000 miniature battery powered turbine the promises to read and sight in is a thumb sized artificial heart powered by batteries but yeah it needs a lot of power so you need to deliver the electricity from batteries an external controller. And in the early artificial us the power lines used to come out the belly and they used to get infected to rub John again I came up with the idea of screwing a plug into the skull because there s little fat in scalp skin and if you have a rigid plug it doesn t move around and we virtually eliminated infection in the drive lines to be clear the pump needs a battery to run was to be run wires from the artificial heart up through the neck to a socket in the patient s head with a battery is plugged in so who s the who was the 1st person to get a Jarvik 2000 the 1st person to get a job at 2000 was a man who was 59 kopi town. And it had been made clear to me in Oxford that I could only put this device into a patient if that patient was going to die within a couple of weeks so he had been expertly assessed by heart failure cardiologists and identified as somebody that was going to die within 6 weeks. And when he was brought to my office in a wheelchair he couldn t actually walk through the door his ankles were swollen his legs were also write it is lips were blue his belly was swollen he reminded me of my poor grandfather just before he died and I was going to say it sounds this exact same it s exactly the same and it s why I was always so desperate to help him Peter was happy to be a guinea pig for this experiment where we would put in a device which would pump blood that remove pulse pressure if we got to do this pioneering work and find an alternative realistic alternative to heart transplantation this is the way we got to stop and in 2000 we got on an implanted it and we got away with it by the skin of our teeth but then Peter got better. So it s a change for American. Idol that make up like many of us right. Now so it s about 3 other great. Everything seems a bonus and I feel quite joyful in the wonderful things I ll be other guy walks again which I was not. And you have to think what I also do with the rest of my life now because I must have it Peter would go on to live for 8 years far longer than anyone with an artificial heart had at that point Meanwhile Dr West to be was gaining fame and not just in medical circles in 2004 some television producers got wind of him they rang out of the blue and said we are going to make a program called your life in their hands. Can we come and see you. I automatically said to them very curious I m pleased to talk to you because that was the program that I saw age 7. That made me say that s what I m going to do they wanted to see me implant an artificial our live and they filmed over about 6 months and and just before the end I managed to raise enough money to to buy a job at 2000 and we got a very nice man called Jim Brady from Scotland. Jim Brady has been given just 2 weeks to live I don t want to die I personally. Couldn t keep a level. And he d been turned down for transplant because the sort of things that happen in heart failure when your kidneys start to suffer and your liver stance to suffer you are deemed not suitable for transplant because you re not suitable for immunosuppression the drugs that you need after transplant so he was another person abandoned in these mid fifty s and I said yeah I ll do it did it take I mean it did Jim did did great so Jim leaves hospital and goes back to Scotland and resumes a normal life and the end of your life in their hands filmed Jim walking along a beach on the coast of Scotland with his wife off into the sunset off into the sunset with a plug in his head but your the tone suggests something goes well Jim coming up to Christmas in Scotland went out Christmas shopping and he forgot to take a battery with him and in the middle of his Christmas shopping the alarm went off in the control to say low battery. He realized he had no battery with him tried to get home and just didn t make it his palm went off just before it got back to his own batteries and he died in the street which was just awful thing so how close did he get I think he was within 200 yards of getting home and changing his battery but he didn t make it now that kind of illustrates just how effective the technology is so normal life rushing home one minute battery runs out pump stops dead the next minute now of course with chime and with these experiences devices were modified so you could no longer run out of battery you always had to have 2 batteries plugged into the system so you wouldn t you wouldn t lose power altogether but they were the ne pioneering days we were trying to find the way forward and it wasn t always easy. To fast that Stephen West to be speaking to me a result of Stephen s book is called the nice and the back and. Distribution of the b.b.c. 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The 2 surviving members of the Apollo 11 program will be reunited shortly at the NASA launch pad where the 1st manned mission to the moon began exactly 50 years ago Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins will meet at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to commemorate the mission of the lazy in court has heard that the former prime minister Najib Razak spent more than $800000.00 in one day at a jewelers in Italy afterwards Mr Nigeria on trial for money laundering said it had been spent on games for members of a foreign royal family he did not name the royals involved. More than 50 children in northern India are being treated for lead to shock injuries after a cable fell on to trees of their primary school in order Pradesh the children had taken their shoes of to sit on the ground when the current had them it apparently passed through the trees and into puddles on the ground. Italy s interior minister . 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Dot com for to hear from me now what do you give up fuel mum novelist Solomon a Daniel made an intriguing decision when he was a boy living in a refugee camp in Sudan he d grown up in Eritrea during the struggle for independence from Ethiopia when he was very little soldiers came to his village and massacred hundreds of people for his dad survived only to be beaten to death a while later so Solomon s mother took her children to Saddam and soon left to find work in Saudi Arabia when she decided to leave Yeah it was very very difficult and I think what I did was a child would do in that situation which is just to run to kind of beg her not to leave so I remember running after the lorry and the lorry disappearing into the. And I have a memory of being left alone and obviously crying. For many days to come and then slowly I guess I fell silent and I just didn t want to talk my dad had already died by then or there my mom leave in sort of was a bit too much for me I guess and yeah I just fell silent for a while and I didn t want to talk and for me it was almost as if a mother leaving also with my mother tongue after your mother left you were in the care of your grandmother That s right yeah do you hang out with her and her friends female friends yeah I mean she was my grandmother was everything to me and I started to see the world through her eyes and she was a combination of very very powerful woman very strong but incredibly tender at the same time as well she s very tall woman very powerful the way she has 2 very strong very solid I remember things like for example in the come whenever me or my brother for example we were misbehave men would obviously say are what do you expect from boys brought up by a woman and I remember her like always fighting her corner and you know you said that you were very quiet child when you were with your grandmother and she was with her friends you would just listen I was just listen what kind of things what they talk about everything and that s why I bless you know when you grow up in an environment like that word for example you know those women were free to talk about every about men about love but also about the pain they were going through the difficulties they were facing in their betrayals their memories from back home it was just a very complex. Conversation you know what they say. About man and love. Grew up knowing there was very patriarchal society the unfairness of it you know married men for example they would go around and cheat and have girlfriends blah blah while they just couldn t do that even those you know who didn t have a husband at the time whose husband were passed away but they couldn t easily be themselves you know they desired men they couldn t act on it they had to go without having sex probably for such a long long long time and you can see it in their bodies you know or as a child I could feel that it wasn t just about sex it was just about having I guess a companionship somebody to talk to somebody you know a man who could listen to them it s almost they were just left alone and I think just having to live in a place like a refugee camp looking after kids is just a horrendous thing some of them had to find creative ways to express their feelings what sort of creative ways you can see it with the way they flirt for example it was very subtle I did notice for example when my mom would come back to the car in the way she flirted with some men and I would see you know in the way she looked at them and how you know when there was a man she fancied how she she loved you know it wasn t the same kind of laughter she would laugh for example with me the way my mom would hold a man s hand and the way just her fingers was a hold in the man hand this woman you know had a lot of feeling to express and she was forced to find you know very subtle ways because your mother had decided not to remarry after your father was killed she wanted to as have to bring up Yeah exactly exactly but the sad thing about it is that the society. Wouldn t allow her to have friendship or lovers outside marriage and you know at the same time she I think she made a vow not to remarry because she wanted to focus on bringing us up and I think that s really painful you say this is a double standard that it was fine for men to have a fast to have love us but not not for women Yeah and I think that s the root of our society is this deeply patriotic will plead to the. Deeply and just being so sensitive to what your mother had given up for the 3 of you you made a remarkable decision as a boy which was if your mother was giving up sex for you then you would give up sex . Yeah I guess it s time you know there was a bit of. Respect admiration for what my mom did but also recognize in especially you know at the time I was kind of beginning to understand what desire. And you know the way I for example I felt about sex and automatically I started to reconnect the 2 would be like so deeply gross for me to go out there and you know my life knowing that my mother didn t and so yeah I ve decided not to have sex and I well 4 years actually without having sex did you have a say to your mother what you sacrificed nobody I mean we never lived together at the same place since I was 3. You know it s no easy to talk of other things with someone you don t really know well the way that you kept in touch with your mother mainly when you were in that refugee camp and Saddam was 3 cassettes that she would send you instead of letters because she couldn t write so she would speak to you what kind of things would she say you know in those days. Women who can t read or write for example they would go and ask men who can t read or write to write them letters you know so my mom at the time was living together in Saudi Arabia and she could have gone to a man you know she could have stated what she wanted to say and the man was right but no she just told her stories her own ways I She was very very descriptive about the palace where she lived and she worked for a princess who was a 247 domestic servant about her days you know about how she felt about missing there were very very emotional tapes to listen to because she she was very open she would sing songs as well and yeah it was it was very very emotional about the same time very grateful she did that because to me you know live in a way from her at the time they were very important because I could picture the palace through the power of her telling stories do you think she made you a storyteller I think she definitely made me descriptive kind of writer I am I think also Yeah it s partly her and also my grandmother also told the stories and so this 2 women wore my initial influences in a place where we didn t have books within have you know libraries or yeah there are other ways I think where my creative side have been boosted the 1st library really came across was a secret library of banned books when you move to Saudi Arabia with your brother when you go about 10. How did you get access to this stash of books it s all came through my brother he befriended a Sudanese intellectual man at the time and the Sudanese man had books and he he saw my brothers you know how curious he was about books and stuff and so he gave him one book and my brother brought it home and we started reading it together I remember it was the season of migration to the north by tapes father which was very explicit book it was said between Sudan and London. I was like oh my God this is incredible because it touched on taboos on things I was told not to even go close to talking about sex I m talking about religion I m talking about everything and that s why this book is still banned in Saudi Arabia so we started to read books like that like Charles Dickens. Or you know those kind of people and I m really grateful we did because I can t emphasize how important literature is in in all places but especially in places in close a site is like Saudi Arabia books who are like our passports of the world what kind of trouble would you have been in if you d been caught writing these books it s a huge crime to walk around the street with books like that because they were banned because they could to dictate their teaching and I am really pretty sure I would have been jailed or even the ported Looking back I we ve managed to escape without being caught and how naïve who are in that sense those books can I point out that while t. That they also inspired you to work hard at school yeah I mean the books were also when I saw my mother you know she would be sleep deprived and that really inspired me I really wanted to give her something to be proud of at the age of 16 you have another big knife you and your brother moved to London and apply for asylum. Neither of you speaks English at the time but you chose to live in an area where there were no speakers said that you would learn English ship big thing to do you on your own in a city of that age yeah I mean it was my brother s idea when we came and he was like Ok it would be safe to stay in our community and he said that s not the way we should do it we should really take up the challenge you know and go to a place where you know we just mix with English people how you accepted in London who found it bizarre at the time because you know we tried to you know to have this kind of open subtle communication with our neighbors but none of them was interested actually and we were far away from our community as well so we ve heard really lonely but I think. That s what we did what do you make of the treatment of women in London given what you did sat in the refugee camp in Sudan and Saudi Arabia obviously coming from Saudi Arabia I was you know to see women going to school to see women working in you know when I went to the Home Office for example I d be interviewed by a woman you know obviously it was more than an eye opener but it was it was kind of what I expected a society should be like how were you able to stand touch with your mum when you hand. Telephone calls but you tell her what you were seeing and experiencing no no you know it s just you know the difficult side out there are the beautiful things like how I felt at home I was or I was feeling story at home in London. But I just didn t want to tell about how difficult it was for a 1516. You know to come to a completely different culture or because I knew she was in pain already you know she missed as a lot and the last thing I wanted was to kind of it to She d already was feeling at the time in 2008 so nearly 20 years after you moved to London you wrote your 1st novel The consequences of laugh which is a love story set in Saudi Arabia that s right you got an interesting reaction from your mother. I did and that s because people called the people who ve actually haven t read the book. They were telling or like ours cinema is writing about sex religion in she was upset because she wanted to see me again and she knew that the moment you know a book like that i ve never be allowed back you know and I think that was her main concern ever be allowed back to Saudi Arabia Yeah or even to Sudan or wherever it was because you know she knew that she would never see me again so your own book would have been on the banned list it isn t out there where it s totally banned. So when you spoke to your mother and Cheech from other people that you were writing about controversial subjects what kind of thing to say to you Well she was said to me why are you doing those things you know you know coming close to tears and reminding me of the kind of sacrifices she did for hours and I think it was just huge pressure on me but you know I told her I m really sorry I love you with all my heart but as a writer I can t censor myself and I pray I would see you she she was upset obviously but there s nothing I can do been me as a as our son is completely different to me being a writer but it was 10 years before you. He wrote another book that connected I think it was connected because yeah I mean there s just so much pressure on me a terribly miss my mom and I had this dream that when they would be reunited so much the last time you saw your mother so in 2010 we saw each other and so there so long time it s a long time I know. It s just one of the consequences of war the moment you leave your country because of for then you don t know what s going to happen to you sometimes I m aware like there s so much love there for me and I ve never been able to access that love since I was 3 and it s really difficult because we ve always been moving in 2 different directions your 2nd book silences my mother tongue is about siblings in a refugee camp. Obviously your mother doesn t read but have you talked about it after friends talk to her about it no but I did tell her you know I finally finished because she kept asking me have you finished your book having. Finally finished the book I think she she respects me for how hard work I am she knows that. I don t think she s proud because I told her it s a love story I didn t obviously care about everything because I want to protect her as well that s the Son and in me you know just only by striking out he said when your mother left it was like she took your mother tongue with you. What is your scientific voice now you ve lived in so many places and had so many different lives you live in Belgium now with you about in part on your children which is your real voice now really I m not trying to be funny by silence I mean I love to be quiet today extend that you know I do most of my work in days and I you know when I am 12 am and you work at night you can cry as much as he won t you know and see you and do you cry at night of course so sometimes silence is incredible it just moves me and you know I m a man who is moved by things like that. Right at Cinema Danny speaking to me from Brussels his latest novel was long listed for the 21000 or well price for political fiction now witness history and all this week to mark 50 years since the 1st moon landing by bringing you a selection of stories from the early days of space exploration today we re heading back to June 1963 when the Soviet Union space program sent the fast woman into space Lucy ass went to Russia to find out about Valentino Tosh cover and her historic solo voyage Oh how awful I m not that I m female public on their feet peeking let me talk in my own no doubt are. Her. Own are on her own a crackly connection from 0 gravity Valentino cover announced her radio call sign to anxious listeners on a. I am Cheika Pacific yesterday I am Cheika the Russian word for Siegel this steady 26 year old with blue eyes and plump cheeks was the 1st woman in outer space on the 16th of June 1963 in her orange space suit gray boots and helmet stamped with the letters u.s.s.r. She squeezed into a vast stock 6 a 2 and a half meter capsule and was shocked into orbit adding yet another 1st to the Soviet space race after the 1st satellite the 1st animal and the 1st man in an interview she gave in 1977 terrace cover was careful to share the credit for her achievement. Because Munna glug would say it s a Grammy to you when a cousin or goes into space he or she knows very well that it s not their work alone there are thousands of workers who made the cups of designers engineers doctors another scientist who prepared them for the flight you. Believe. As a young girl Tara s cover was fascinated by speed and movement she wants said she envied the engine drivers and which could be in their place driving trains across the world as a teenager she looked to the skies and joined a parachute club with a feel for the end of form of waiting to give up you know the 1st place where. The car in one of the fabulous after Eureka Guarin the 1st man to return from space in 1961 terrorist cover wrote to the or Thora to his begging to be sent into space it was a long shot she was a factory worker but the central committee was eager to find proletarian heroes agents from the space program secretly came to watch her parachute jumps and then she was invited to Moscow for cosmonaut training but she wasn t alone. Working with him to minimize Valentijn upon the Mariel boat was one of the cosmonauts who trained alongside perished that you will know that but yet you have you know 5 other circuit 1st really big guardian soon we were spending more time together we all live in the same complex we train together meals together and did everything together in some ways it sounds like a cross between the army and holiday camp I ll always say out there you know there was a piano in the canteen and all the cosmonauts would gather round in the evening we were full of enthusiasm we d love singing together especially the new songs are they going to space exploration is the. Big that s needed to speak out about it. But you know what on the 19th of November $962.00 selection for the flights took place the 2 Valentino s Ponomaryov and Tara should cover with the final candidates but who would be the 1st Soviet woman in space ideology trumped expertise when it came to the final choice Tarrasque of a mouth her support for the party and her daughter Yelena now admits that have fresh face quote the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev s I She wasn t just. Reach for the factory that is why maybe she. Is it true that crucial liked the way she looked this is also the fact she like a very much. And maybe she compared them to. Jackie Kennedy poor Valentino Ponomaryov a may have had the best test results but she failed to impress the selection board when asked what do you want from life she replied I want to take everything it can offer Ponomaryov a still can t hide her disappointment at being passed over if there were children but it was a terrible moment when Tarrasque over took off and we were left. Hired numbskulls are new to you they told us to fret you re all get a chance to go to space we come onto that hope for a very long time it makes you upset even now all these years later when they distort the news the course that was pushing it Marvie it because there is it seemed of my life or suddenly are over there was nothing else to live for. Back in 1963 a British t.v. Program featured pictures from inside terrace cover space capsule and grab a pen or pencil flipping around the pencil in which you make no comment Pad floating about in case where it goes out of the pop of your screen and the pad. Parish covers conversation from space with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was broadcast around the world. Contact with ground control was intermittent during Tara s covers 3 days in space the further away the space ship drifts she later said the more you start to miss the sounds of nature of rainfall there were reports of problems the mission had to be modified at the time terrorist call the vehemently denied of a sleeping but later admitted to it she also denies vomiting in the capsule although these days nausea is recognized as a common reaction to space conditions she also did become quite ill didn t shake the space food didn t agree no no it was not these come from the memoirs of some of the people involved in the 1st space program and why would they make stuff up my mother told me about those people and I myself also read this article so if you tell me a little the very jealous and it was very complicated. After 3 days in space it was time for her return at 7 kilometers above ground she was catapulted out of the capsule still stuck in the ejection chair at 4 kilometers up. The parachute opened I asked Yelena what her mother had told her about the moment she fell to Earth 1st the old she was noticed by the peasants who lived in New Hampshire and they ran to the spaceship and start to touch her oh you know life well you ll soon be interesting in my mother. She let them taste test special cases special food because for those people it was very interesting and my mother told me about a little thing I looked at. She was my mother now totally it was a space I did you see. Because you were very very high and mighty talk I put you in the room because. She was given a triumphant reception in Moscow after the flight as she strode along a red carpet and white high heels pick a Cinderella of the stars and go Daryn in a skirt after Tara she called was somewhat faltering speech she got a massive bear hug from Crucial before she was allowed to move along to a tiny stooped woman in a headscarf weeping mother was sleep eat after the flight crew shoved organized a state wedding between Valentino and fellow cosmonauts and 3 on the car live they divorced 19 years later when Yolanda had grown up but after Valentina s inspirational flight a trail turned to cinders it was 20 years before another woman was sent into orbit . Was. I was lazy ass reporting tomorrow we ll be hearing from one of the mission control team working on the Apollo 11 mission to land the 1st man on the moon to tune in but Photo Day from me Joe fiction and all of us here on out look. Studio. Program that questions every day except your intelligence coming. Is postmodernism really to blame for post truth yeah postmodernism made it respectable to deny sensible ideas like truth and fact no it didn t it just said when you think about those ideas you also have to think about power Yeah but that s what led to today s alternative facts and fake you don t plead postmodernism to that post modernism and post truth on philosophy Thursday at noon on Calle w. 91.7. Some people feel put off by mathematics others find it beautiful and useful somehow this one language of math and specifically calculus is just the best tool we ve ever devised or discovered for predicting the workings of the world around us getting more people to appreciate math as we follow math paths on the next big picture sign it s 1 o clock this afternoon right after philosophy talk here on 91.7 k. San Francisco. Good morning a new u.s. Rule for asylum seekers faces a challenge in court what s the case against refusing entry to people unless they 1st seek refuge somewhere else on Morning Edition from n.p.r. News. Iran s foreign minister says his country could negotiate with the u.s. If it lifts economic sanctions I m no king And I m Steve Inskeep we will question a State Department official who s done a lot to put a common sanctions in place. Also the president told some lawmakers to go back where they came from people who voted for one lawmaker here in the United States where she is from and participants in a Religious Freedom Summer tour of the u.s. Holocaust Museum It is Tuesday July 16th the football coach Jimmie Johnson a 76 years old today. The news is next. B.b.c. News Hello I m Gerri Smit the German defense minister funded Lyon is battling to convince the European Parliament to appoint her as the 1st woman ever to run the European Commission she made an impassioned defense of European values as well as confronting the issue of Bragg s it Damian Grammaticus is in Strasbourg when she mentioned Rex it she 1st of all said that that was to be the decision of the u.k. And she regretted it but respected at that point there were cheers from the Bracks at party m.e.p. She also laid out a broad swathe of her priorities if she is in charge of European Commission things like greater ambition on climate change efforts across the e.u. For things like a minimum wage an unemployment reinsurance scheme a carbon boarder tax and all of those things that drew a pretty sharp response from the Bracks it Party the 2 surviving members of the Apollo 11 program will be reunited shortly at the NASA launch pad where the 1st manned mission to the moon began exactly 50 years ago Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins were made to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at the start of a week of celebrate 3 events but our correspondent Brian who s out Cape Canaveral says that the time the moon landing was hugely controversial people were worried about the cost of it Don t forget America was locked in a Cold War with Russia the Vietnam war was going on there was lots of turmoil coming from within the country the civil rights movement the average family of 4 with earning just $8000.00 a year and there was real concern that the billions of dollars in today s money that was being used to send people to the moon could have been put to feeding hungry people here in America and that numerous debates that are still going on because don t forget Donald Trump wants to send people back to the moon in 2024 so a lot of those still arguments are still being heard today. I m a lazy in court has heard how the former prime minister Najib Razak spent more than $800000.00 in one day at a jewelers in Italy he denies charges of money laundering Michael Brister reports the money was used to buy luxury items from the Swiss jeweler to Greece a goal no missed in Egypt said they ve been given to members of a fallen world family who are with him in Italy at the time he named the world s involved.