parade tomorrow for this year's nba champions. the boston celtics. we give our heros parades. and the early days of space travel, we gave astronauts parades. but then we shot so many astronauts into space and to the moon, we stopped giving them parades. we took space travel for granted. it was no longer the stuff of heroism. our most important heros have always been taken for granted. there is no higher calling. than saving lives. some of you might know what it feels like. but most of us don't. most of us have never and will never save a life. not one. we won't drag a wounded soldier off a battlefield. we won't drive a dying person to an emergency room just in time. we won't treat patients in hospitals who would die. not every doctor and nurse saves lives. some areas of medicine do not involve life and death. some doctors occasionally save lives and then, there is dr. anthony fauci. he has had the experience as an attending physician of saving the life of a patient to his care. saving lives. dr. fauci's work has saved millions upon millions of lives. >> who are the heros who were there in american life today? who are the ones you would point out to young americans as figures who should inspire this country? >> dr. fauci. he is a very fine research. he convinced republican president george w. bush to fully fund a massive aids intervention project in africa. called the president's emergency plan for aids relief. pepfar was the largest global health initiative for single disease in history. that was dr. anthony fauci's work. and that program saved over 25 million lives. >> there is nothing gay about these people engaging in incredibly offensive and revolting conduct that led to the proliferation of aids. >> there is a feeling of any number of professions or the general population. it has led to a little bit of a complacency about the approach ward this disease. >> dr. fauci has always had to deal with harsh critics of his work and attacks on him personally. some activists were dissatisfied understandably since they were dying. dissatisfied with the medical progress in treating aids. they called dr. fauci a murder. the playwright larry kramer called him a murderer more than once. dr. fauci's reaction to the attacks were to invite the people attacking him and calling him a murder into his office to hear their complaints. they went to greenwich village. he went to san francisco to speak to the people in the streets, so hear their complaints. some of the protesters who called dr. fauci a murderer eventually became his best friends. dr. fauci's work enabled larry cramer who was hiv positive to live to the age of 84. and their last words to each other? and what were the last weeks of larry kramer's life were? larry saying i love you, tony and i tearfully responded i love you, too, larry. that story is told in anthony fauci's powerful, hugely informative and deeply emotional new book on call of doctor's journey. he filled the national institute of health with as many beds as possible to serve aids patients directly and to treat them directly himself and for the first time in his medical career, he was not a lifesaver. he did not have the tools or the medicines. he was helplessly watching his patients die. ron had gone completely blind. the virus, despite treatment that was obviously inadequate had literally chewed up the critical sight elements of his retina from the time we had made morning rounds to the time we walked in to the room that evening. i constrained my emotions. he said to us, he expected that this would happen. because he had been gradually losing vision over the previous weeks. we left, and finished our rounds. i burst into tears. i was angry. ron would soon die. we did not have to wait as long as aids patients had to wait for relief. thanks to the years, decades of research on vaccines and infectious diseases that anthony fauci and others committed their lives to, you all know the recent completely undeserved attacks that dr. fauci has suffered including in a recent congressional hearing. this is not the night for that. they have had their microphones. they will not be heard here. this hour is for you to finally, really meet the man. the man behind the title. the man behind all that wise medical advice that he has delivered for all of us for decades. that man's compassion, commitment and wisdom filled the pages of his new book that is about his own love story with his wife and family. his scientific detective work that is full of suspense and drama. and actually lets you feel like you understand the medicine as you are reading it. and you do, but don't try to repeat it to anyone. the bedside manner this country has always needed in a public health crisis, that is the story told in this book. i invite you to meet dr. anthony fauci. thank you very much for joining us tonight. this begins in benson hurst brooklyn with you living above the store. your father's store where you got your first feeling for medicine. >> yes. my father owned a drugstore in brooklyn, new york and we lived on top of the drugstore. my bedroom was right on top. this was the 40s and the 50s and at that time, pharmacies in the neighborhood were not the chain pharmacies we have now. and the pharmacist was the local psychiatrist marriage counselor and dock for the people there who maybe could not get to a physician. i learned right from the very beginning this issue of caring about other people. i joked around. there are people in the neighborhood not wealthy at all. often could not afford the price of the prescription and he would essentially give it to them either on a bill which they never paid. we didn't do very well financially, the satisfaction of take care of the neighborhood was something that i learned from the time i was eight, nine, ten years old. he let the kids hang around. crowd things up. it was the closest they will get to medical advice. >> as you were living there above the store when it comes time to go to high school, you take three subways to get out of bensonhurst. across the east river all the way up to the upper east side to go to a catholic boy's school where you were given a scholarship. and that place became the real introduction to academics. >> it was regis high school. a jesuit high school in manhattan as you described, lawrence. and it really was an underscoring and solidifying of the things i learned when i was eight, nine, ten years old with my parents. because the motto of the school, it was an old boy's school. still is. was men for others which is kind of the mantra to the jesuits. i learned there that same sort of mission in life of whatever you do, you don't have to go into codified public service. but whatever you do, you should try and serve mankind and hopefully make a contribution to making the world a better place. >> they said that stuff to all of us. i had great priests who were teachers who i just admired their selflessness and complete lack of concern with any material objects at all. which is kind of the way you lived your life on a government salary as a physician coming out of high powered training where you could have written your own ticket to the highest possible incomes a doctor could earn. but you made this choice. which you ascribe in your book to the nuns you had in elementary school. and to the teachers you had in high school. and somewhat to your parents. but a lot of people were exposed to those very same influences and it didn't take. why do you think it took with you? >> it was the satisfaction as you mentioned in the introduction of having the privilege of being involved and trying to save somebody's life. there are plenty of physicians on the outside who do that. but the added twist for me is that when i took my fellowship, i did multiple years of residency and i took a fellowship three years at the nih. >> you were only signing up three years. >> my goal as i described in the memoir was to get my training, a combined fellowship in infectious diseases and head back to new york city and open up an office somewhere. >> you had a huge offer back in new york city at the end of those three years. a huge offer. back at cornell medical center. they are making you the big dock. that would have involved also a private practice in association with that. where you just would have been, you could have been the richest doctor in new york. >> but i got. >> and you said no, let me do more government service. >> the reason that i did that, because when i went down there, i realized something that for me, it doesn't necessarily mean everyone needs to do that. getting involved in research in which you can solve a clinical problem, develop a therapeutic regimen that would not only help you save the individual patients that you are caring for, but that would have a multiplier effect that if you make a discovery or at least incrementally advance the field, you could have an impact on many, many more people than just the individual patients. i had a wonderful situation for me that worked well where i had the individual satisfaction of caring on hands for my patients in the research hospital at the same time as publishing papers that others not only in the united states, but perhaps throughout the world who could use it with their patients. and to me, frankly, that's priceless. that is worth multiple, multiple levels more of the salary that i was getting. in fact, we used to say somewhat facetiously, but not totally that i would do this for nothing. >> in medical salary terms, you were. your feeling about the work comes through. repeatedly in this book, you have these very simple sentences about how much i love this. and it is so, it comes across so clearly. the other thing that you do so brilliantly in this book and i believe i'm the test for this. is you make medicine understandable. at least when i'm holding the book in my hands and reading your description of the mrna vaccines. and the platform and how it works. it all makes sense to me in a way that i'm sure i would be just intimidated right out of the classroom and the medical school. but you make us understand it. >> that's what i try to do. i have to say it goes back to some of the things. one of the most important things about communication i have found is not to impress people about how smart you are, but to get them to understand what the heck you are talking about. that's one of the things i learned, that is the most important thing. i tried to make it clear so that people at various levels would understand it. >> the doubters about these vaccines and any vaccines would learn so much by reading your description of them. i want to talk about larry kramer and others, peter staley who i met with you earlier tonight. we did a live event in new york city. these people were just incredibly brave and angry heros in their own right. both of them suffering from hiv themselves when there was no cure and no hope. leaders of the angriest possible protests against you at the time. if there wasn't so much a specific accusation against you. i was watching the documentary about this. one of the chants is when they come down to protest is they are demanding a cure. demanding a cure. it is the only protest i have ever seen which is demanding a scientific result that does not currently exist. everyone else is demanding an action that the government can do. this was something that needed patient research. you are doing that research. you are being attacked by them. and somehow, they become your friends because you make a decision i have never seen a public official do before or sense. you see them coming down to protest. peter staley climbing up the wall to your window. your thought is after they get arrested and processed by the police, invite them in. i want to talk to them. and you did that. >> well, there were several reasons. one is the feeling i had for what they were going through. their purpose was to get the attention of the medical community, the scientific community and the regulatory community that was geared successfully in the past to handle diseases where you get interventions out that are safe and effective but it is done in a rather rigid way. inclusion and exclusion criteria is very little room for compassionate usage and a regulatory process that takes years. once they got ill, this was very early in the outbreak. they had a median time of ten months, 15 months to live. so the process didn't work for them. they wanted to be a part of the dialogue to discuss what the scientific agenda would be. and the scientist understandably, but totally incorrectly were saying we know what is best for you. and at first i felt that way for a very brief period of time. and then, they started to be very proactive. when i saw how much pain and fear they had, the empathy in me that goes way back to my childhood said let me listen to what they were saying. i need to talk to these people. people are better off because of what the activists did. that was one of the best things i have ever done in my life. >> and just a brilliant and such a humane choice. let me talk to them. there is a beautiful two hander to write. with anthony fauci and larry kramer on age. it almost writes itself. we will squeeze in a quick break. when we come back, we will give the audience a chance to consider which president said this. they can think about it over the break. we love you, tony. thanks for all you did for our country and the world. i will not miss washington very much when i live but i will miss you and people like you. the answer to which president said that will be right after this break. will be right after this bre. ak some days, you can feel like a spectator in your own life with chronic migraine, 15 or more headache days a month each lasting 4 hours or more. botox® prevents headaches in adults with chronic migraine before they start. and treatment is 4 times a 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