israel says it's expanding its ground offensive in southern gaza, with witnesses there saying israeli tanks and troops are building up around the south. the world health organization says the amount of medical aid getting into gaza is "was way too little" and the situation there is was getting worse by the hour the israeli military are telling civilians to leave areas around khan younis — that's a city israel told civilians to flee to for safety, earlier in the conflict. hospitals say they're overwhelmed with new arrivals. the world health organization says it's been told by israel to move medical supplies out of two warehouses in southern gaza, within 2a hours — although israel has denied this. these pictures show explosions in gaza on monday evening. a spokesman for the un children's charity, unicef, says there's simply nowhere safe for people to go. the us state department says it's too early to say for sure, whether israel is heeding us advice to protect civilians in gaza. but it did say israel was making more targeted requests for civilian evacuations in southern gaza. well, unicef spokesperson james elder, who's in cairo, told me the humanitarian situation in gaza is getting worse for children and mothers. he told me what he'd witnessed in gaza. hospitals is absolute war zones. you know, blood streaming on the floor, children with multiple wounds, the burns, gareth, you see on a little boy or girl, but the burns come with shrapnel. and then, of course, those people who are not who have not, are not in hospitals are fleeing. they're in panic. you know, every time you turn a corner, there's a new suburb that has 5000 people who've made a makeshift home. they simply don't know where to go. there's an anxiety that is palpable among people because every time they move, they're moving to somewhere further away from those other essentials of life, notjust freedom from bombs, but access to water and sanitation. so it's terrifying. you know, i have women and children hold onto me and hold my clothes saying, you know, please just give us water, you know, get us out of here. it is as bad as i've ever seen. and despite, gareth, despite the promises made that what happened in the north to women and children would not happen in the south, i can bear witness that it's absolutely every bit as ferocious for those people enduring it now, just with about a million more people there than previously. gaza has a very young population. just talk to us. you alluded to it there about the impact on children. i saw on one of your social media posts about a young boy who was a massive fan of football that had had his foot amputated as a result of one of the blasts. yes. so many amputees. i went around hospitals and with the ministry of health, we think, at least this was during the ceasefire, at least a thousand children have lost limbs probably now significantly more. certainly a day ago when i was at nasser hospital in khan yunis, i saw children coming in missing, missing limbs. and then, of course, it's just the shattering of dreams. you rightly say it's a young population. what that means is that when you get the right conditions, education, good skills, you create a base, you create a demographic boom that becomes the envy of ageing populations. i see young people who are learning perfect english and becoming electrical engineers from the internet. a 20—year—old doctor, a fourth year student who came to me with perfect english, desperate because her medical studies had finished, and she said, i've got three years to go. i wanted to do this my whole life. i bought my stethoscope, but i've been to a hospital to help. all doctors do there is bury people. this is the reality of young people. and it's a traumatized million children. and it's not a place to recover from trauma right now. it's a place to have trauma reinforced, quite simply, gareth. gaza is not a place for children right now. it is, of course, home tojust over one million. getting through to people in gaza to hear first hand accounts can be hard due to the lack of mobile phone signals. but our colleague at bbc radio [i managed to reach ghada al kurd. she she is 37 and a mother of two. she is living in a tent in khan younis having been displaced several times in the last 7 weeks. she told mishal husain about the conditions there. we are waiting one hour in the morning to go to toilet. what about food? we morning to go to toilet. what about food? ~ ., ., ., ., what about food? we had to go far awa to what about food? we had to go far away to the — what about food? we had to go far away to the markets _ what about food? we had to go far away to the markets to _ what about food? we had to go far away to the markets to bring - what about food? we had to go far away to the markets to bring somej away to the markets to bring some food. maybe two kilometres or three kilometres. and air strikes everywhere. so we are taking the risk. there is no food. meat is very rare. we cannot bring meat. and it is very expensive. it is triple, nowadays, the prices. some people are coming to sell some food, but it is not enough. and what about money? does your family have cash? do you still have access to banks 0had it is very difficult. there was some cash for the first month, second month. but now it is almost finished. even the bank accounts, we cannot go to the banks. we have to wait a couple of hours to get some money. what are you prepared for? do you think you might end up having to move again? we are discussing this again in the morning, me and my sister. i said to her, where to go? the fifth place that we are evacuating. we were in gaza city, then we moved to al—shifa hospital, then remove to middle area. carry all of your staff. and in the last hour we heard from another spokeperson — from the israel defence forces. lieutenant colonel richard hecht gave this update on israel's military campaign. since the military has returned we are expanding operations against hamas across gaza. we are targeting operatives, infrastructure, and mainly the tunnelling. so far we have located 800 tunnel shafts and destroyed 500 of these. the level of fortification is unprecedented. while we have been operating we are ensuring that there is a minimum harm to civilians, with soldiers on the ground going from building to building. live now to drjohn strawson, professor from university of east london. he teaches international law and middle east studies. there are the rules of war, i am interested to your insight and analysis to what degree they are being observed. the problem we have here is that the israeli defence forces do actually talk about unitarian law, and that is a large number of lawyers operating with the idf. commanders see there is a lawyer on the shoulder all the time. the difference is that hamas simply ignore the laws and customs of war completely. that is one of the asymmetrical problems of this conflict. that whatever the terrible humanitarian suffering which we heard us taking place in gaza at the present time, the laws of war only operate really if both sides apply them. unfortunately hamas don't. i am not saying that the idf are always absolutely accurate in the way in which they are operating, and i'm sure there will be investigations and the prosecutor of the international criminal court of course was in israel and in palestinian occupied territories only this week, saying that he will be carrying out investigation both into the hamas 0ctober be carrying out investigation both into the hamas october and seventh attacks, and subsequent actions, and also actions in relation to israel. so an investigation undoubtedly is going to take place. we have to remember that the thing about the law is you have to have evidence. and you have to prosecute people with evidence that will stand up people with evidence that will stand up in a court. i do have to be very careful about using a legal terms as rhetoric, and we have to remember that they have a precise meaning. you talk about rhetoric they are, we heard yesterday from the turkish leader saying he would have benjamin netanyahu tried as a war criminal. talks emit international community, if you will. they also have a role to play. the us gives advice, to israel, may be puts pressure on, while the iranians will have relationships with the hamas leadership, and the qataris have plead their position too. to what extent has international committee played its role and hasn't played well enough? no. the international community, joe biden has been quite good on occasions. the british foreign secretary, david cameron, was very good last week, in pointing out that the future for israel is dependent upon security for palestinians. there has been some good statements. there has been some good statements. the international community has not quite understood how to deal with israel in the period since october the 7th. i was in israel last week, it is very clear there is a huge gulf between israeli society and the israeli government, which is incredibly unpopular. there is agreement on two aims, which is bringing the hostages home, and pursuing a warto bringing the hostages home, and pursuing a war to defeat hamas, but thatis pursuing a war to defeat hamas, but that is a big gap in terms of how israelis understand whether that can be done simultaneously, and international committee has a big problem, and that if israeli society has a problem influencing the israeli government, you can imagine how the american government, how difficult it is to pressurise the israeli government from outside. the result of discontinuities here. the international community has been very slow in dealing with the humanitarian crisis in gaza. they should have been pressurising egypt from diwan to open the rafah border post and deliver the aid. they have not doing that. —— pressurising egypt from the first day to open the border post. either giving the sense to israel that they have their back, that they are going to give them some international sense of security as a conference of october the 7th, and at the same time the international community is not really delivering on the material requirements of the people that so desperately need it. the uk home secretaryjames cleverly is in rwanda — where he will sign a new asylum treaty with the country. he's been visiting the genocide museum in the capitali kigali. the government hopes the treaty will restart plans to send some asylum seekers there to have their claims processed — after the supreme court ruled against the policy. the uk government is putting more measures in place, that could include allowing parliament to vote and confirm that rwanda is a safe destination for asylum seekers who come to the uk. on monday, mr cleverly outlined plans to reduce legal migration to the uk — which included increasing the salary which skilled workers would need before they could get a visa, by almost a half. 0ur political editor chris mason is travelling with the home secretary and sent this update from kigali. she arrived here in kigali, the rwandan capital, in the last couple of hours. he is the third home secretary to visit rwanda in around about 18 months. priti patel came out here in april of last year as well. suella braverman was out here in the spring of this year. now comes james cleverly. so three home secretaries, but no migrants yet arriving here. why? well, there was a rejection in the supreme court of the latest iteration of the government's plan last month. and so the hoped for solution for ministers perspective is a treaty, an international agreement between rwanda and the uk that will be signed in the next couple of hours. and central to that treaty is addressing the principal concern set out by the supreme court. and this is a concern that any migrants that were sent here could end up being sent back to their home country or to another country. and the aim of this treaty and the new laws that will accompany it, both here in rwanda and in the uk, aims to ensure that that isn't possible. so that is the centrepiece. there'll be other details that we'll get in the coming hours. the government still hopes and says that it wants to get migrants on planes to rwanda by the spring. quite a few people are pretty sceptical about that kind of timescale, but obviously there is an election looming and being seen to address the issue of small boats with this flagship policy of rwanda that has failed so far is seen as absolutely essential to that. our correspondent mayenijones is also in the capital, kigali. the home secretary will only be spending a few hours here in kigali, the capital of rwanda. his agenda includes visiting british high commission, he will also be taking a tour of the remand and genocide memorial, that was erected to the memory of the 1994 genocide here in rwanda. after that he will have a break, a short bilateral meeting, they will be press conferences. as we flew in we could see many international visitors coming here. that is very much the image that ran that wants to present to the world, that wants to present to the world, that it that wants to present to the world, thatitis that wants to present to the world, that it is a modern country, one of africa's fastest developing economies. but its critics, and members of the opposition say the country is not yet in a position to accept asylum seekers, it's still a developing nation, it should be taking care of its own, there have also been concerns raised by human rights groups as to whether asylum seekers sent here will be treated fairly, or it would be sent back to countries that would potentially be dangerous. these are all criticisms that the remand in government has dismissed, it says this country is perfectly safe. but has a big job to do to try to convince the rest of the world that this is indeed the case, particularly after last month's supreme court ruling. it's important to understand that the supreme court's judgment was based on its factual analysis. in had endorsed the factual analysis of the court of appeal that rwanda was not a safe country to which to send asylum seekers, not because it considered the government of rwanda was deliberately trying to breach asylum seekers' rights, but there was evidence that it was not able to control what went on and there were instances in which asylum seekers had been mistreated, including being sent back to their countries of origin, where they might suffer punishments or hurt of a kind that breached the refugee convention and our own domestic english law. that was the finding. so it's perfectly open to the government to do a treaty with rwanda and to try to ensure by that treaty that it could satisfy our courts that it meets the standards laid down by our own domestic laws and by the refugee convention and the human rights act. but the supreme court made the point that the human rights act was actually secondary to the international conventions and the domestic law that covers it in our country. now, the problem is not about going to sign the treaty, it's about what the government decides to do next. the government has announced that not only is it going to sign the treaty, but then having signed the treaty, it is going to go to parliament and pass a statute that says now we have signed the treaty, rwanda can be deemed to be a safe country and effectively bypass our own national courts and prevent them from considering the matter any further. and that is constitutionally very unusual. and i think a number of people have characterised it as grossly improper. i think it's likely to lead to problems for the government, because it is probable that they wouldn't be able to get that legislation through parliament immediately because it might be blocked in the house of lords. so it's difficult to understand the government's strategy. it's also apparent that there appear to be some officials in the home office who are doubtful that even with this treaty, the standard necessary to allow for asylum seekers to be sent to rwanda will be met. so those are the challenges facing the government. so clearly, doing the treaty is a step from the government's point of view in the right direction, but it by no means resolves its problems. around the world and across the uk. this is bbc news. let's look at some other stories making news. thames water has announced it made a profit of £188 million in the six months to september. but the company remains under severe financial pressure due to its debts, and says it will take time to turn the situation around. the uk's largest water company will deal with debts which rose by 7% to £14] billion. the uk government has suffered a defeat in the commons — its first since 2019 — over delays in compensation payments to victims of the nhs contaminated blood scandal. ministers will now have to set up a body to run the scheme within three months of a new bill becoming law. thousands of patients were given tainted blood products in the 1970s and �*80s. new guidance states trans women who have hurt or threatened women or girls will not be held in female prisons unless there are exceptional circumstances. the scottish prison service policy follows a public outcry after a rapist was sent to a women's prison. isla bryson raped two women while known as a man called adam graham. you're live with bbc news. well, let's move on to dubai where ministers from more than 60 countries have been meeting at the cop28 climate summit. today's focus will be on energy and industry, just transition, and indigenous peoples. it comes as environment campaigners say a record number of delegates from the coal, gas and oil industries are attending the summit. a report by a coalition of green groups called kick big polluters out, says almost 2,500 people from companies linked to fossil fuels are there — that's four times the number at last year's conference in egypt. my colleague carl nasman is in dubai for us. it is not just it is notjust representatives of oil and gas companies, there are plenty of sight to see it as well. i am joined by one. we have a chief scientist for the national oceanic and atmospheric administration in the us. thank you for being here. first of all, as a scientist, lots of effects in 2023, hottest year on record, how concerning is what we have been seeing in terms of climate change? have been seeing in terms of climate chance? , ., , change? yes, we are seeing extreme events that — change? yes, we are seeing extreme events that we _ change? yes, we are seeing extreme events that we have _ change? yes, we are seeing extreme events that we have never _ change? yes, we are seeing extreme events that we have never seen - events that we have never seen before. the probability and the magnitude is growing due to climate change, it will continue as long as emissions continue to rise in our atmosphere. when it comes to what you have been discussing, event after event after event, you have been seen at one topic that is coming up more than you might have expected was the fate of our oceans? yes. we have seen over the last seven months, every single month, month on month, has had their warmest on record for ocean temperatures. we have also seen marine heatwaves around the world, they have been taking place over 50% of the world ocean at one point, marine heatwaves alike heatwaves in the ocean. when you and i have a heatwave it will get hot, people get heatwave it will get hot, people get heat stroke. in the ocean that starts to lead to coral bleaching. coral start getting sick, they can eventually die, that can affect our fisheries, it affects the nurseries, and the fisheries are really important for global food security. 17% of the worlds proteins comes from the ocean. these major events, marine heatwaves, food security considerations, and bring it to the forefron