applause so plenty of applause but let's run you through the details. it calls on all countries to transition away from the use of fossil fuels. but some governments feel this wording isn't strong enough. there is a recognition that global emissions will likely peak before 2025 — and that for developing nations this may be later. but elsewhere, language appears to have been weakened, with the text "reiterating" rather than "requesting" developed countries give support to vulnerable nations facing climate change. sultan ahmed al—jaber went on to praise the deal as an "historic package". many said this could not be done. but when i spoke to you at the very start of this cop, i promised a different sort of cop. a cop that brought everyone together, private and public sectors, civil society, ngos, and public sectors, civil society, ngos, faith leaders, youth and indigenous peoples. everyone came together from day one. indigenous peoples. everyone came togetherfrom day one. everyone united, everyone acted, and everyone delivered. we operationalised loss and damage has started the fund. we mobilised more than 83 billion us dollars in new financial commitments. we launched the world's largest catalytic private investor, thatis largest catalytic private investor, that is 100% focused on solutions to climate change. and we delivered world first after world first. a global move to triple renewable energy and double energy efficiency. declarations on agriculture, declarations on food, declarations on health. many more oil and gas companies are stepping up for the first time. stepping up to deliver against very ambitious goals and objectives, and for the first time to deliver on methane and emissions. and we have language on fossil fuel in ourfinal agreement, for the first time ever. applause de cop president hailing that deal as historic. united states special presidential envoy for climate, john kerry, praised the deal as a success of multi—lateralism. i think, as you look around this room and you look at the number of people that are here, it underscores the complications, the difficulties, the fundamental challenge of bringing 200 countries together and finding consensus. i think that everybody here should...should be pleased that, in a world of ukraine and the middle east, war and all the other challenges of a planet that is foundering, this is a moment where multilateralism has actually come together and people have taken individual interests and attempted to define the common good. let's go live to our correspondent in dubai, carl nasman. this is all about the language of that text, isn't it? its this is all about the language of that text, isn't it?— that text, isn't it? its all about the language. _ that text, isn't it? its all about the language, and _ that text, isn't it? its all about the language, and that - that text, isn't it? its all about l the language, and that language that text, isn't it? its all about - the language, and that language was hard—fought, especially over the hard —fought, especially over the last hard—fought, especially over the last couple of days, those negotiations taking place late into the night last night on a second version of the text, seemingly nobody was happy with the first version, and then all of a sudden, today in a matter of minutes, you heard that gavel pounding the table and that was that, this text has been sealed and it is really all about the messaging behind it. we heard sultan ahmed al—jaber calling it historic. let's get some other thoughts on it. we have david shukman and catherine ray with us. catherine, it's been hailed by some as historic, especially when it comes to fossil fuels. do you agree? cop28 has signalled the end of the fossil fuel era. cop28 has signalled the end of the fossilfuel era. it's cop28 has signalled the end of the fossil fuel era. it's an extraordinary turning point for this process— extraordinary turning point for this process that has failed to acknowledge the cause of the climate crisis for— acknowledge the cause of the climate crisis for so _ acknowledge the cause of the climate crisis for so long. but i think we have _ crisis for so long. but i think we have now— crisis for so long. but i think we have now been given a really clear direction _ have now been given a really clear direction of — have now been given a really clear direction of travel from global leaders. — direction of travel from global leaders, the world came together to reach _ leaders, the world came together to reach this— leaders, the world came together to reach this agreement here in dubai, but the _ reach this agreement here in dubai, but the pathway is still unclear. in particular. — but the pathway is still unclear. in particular, we have some loopholes in the _ particular, we have some loopholes in the language that fossil fuel producers will be seeking to exploit _ producers will be seeking to exploit. and we need more detail on where _ exploit. and we need more detail on where the _ exploit. and we need more detail on where the financing from this transition is going to come from particularly from developed countries to developing nations that need help— countries to developing nations that need help in building up their renewable energy resources. david, what do you — renewable energy resources. david, what do you make _ renewable energy resources. david, what do you make of _ renewable energy resources. david, what do you make of this _ renewable energy resources. david, what do you make of this deal, - what do you make of this deal, especially when it comes to the language on fossil fuels? this was not the phase—out that more than 100 counties were hoping for, but it is still stronger language in that first is this strong enough signal of fossilfuel? the first is this strong enough signal of fossil fuel?— of fossil fuel? the standards of these events, _ of fossil fuel? the standards of these events, i— of fossil fuel? the standards of these events, i mean, - of fossil fuel? the standards of these events, i mean, this - of fossil fuel? the standards of these events, i mean, this is i of fossil fuel? the standards of| these events, i mean, this is an achievement _ these events, i mean, this is an achievement. for— these events, i mean, this is an achievement. for a _ these events, i mean, this is an achievement. fora quarter- these events, i mean, this is an achievement. for a quarter of. these events, i mean, this is an. achievement. for a quarter of that century— achievement. for a quarter of that century the — achievement. for a quarter of that century the elephant _ achievement. for a quarter of that century the elephant in _ achievement. for a quarter of that century the elephant in the - achievement. for a quarter of that century the elephant in the room i achievement. for a quarter of thati century the elephant in the room at climate _ century the elephant in the room at climate talks — century the elephant in the room at climate talks has _ century the elephant in the room at climate talks has been _ century the elephant in the room at climate talks has been that - century the elephant in the room at climate talks has been that nobody| climate talks has been that nobody mentions _ climate talks has been that nobody mentions the — climate talks has been that nobody mentions the fossil— climate talks has been that nobody mentions the fossil fuels _ climate talks has been that nobody mentions the fossil fuels that - climate talks has been that nobody mentions the fossil fuels that are l mentions the fossil fuels that are causing _ mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the — mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the crisis. _ mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the crisis. so _ mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the crisis. so i _ mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the crisis. so i think- mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the crisis. so i think it. mentions the fossil fuels that are causing the crisis. so i think it isi causing the crisis. so i think it is significant — causing the crisis. so i think it is significant that— causing the crisis. so i think it is significant that now _ causing the crisis. so i think it is significant that now at _ causing the crisis. so i think it is significant that now at last, - causing the crisis. so i think it isl significant that now at last, there is this— significant that now at last, there is this sentence _ significant that now at last, there is this sentence that _ significant that now at last, there is this sentence that talks - significant that now at last, there is this sentence that talks about. significant that now at last, there | is this sentence that talks about a transition — is this sentence that talks about a transition away— is this sentence that talks about a transition away from _ is this sentence that talks about a transition away from it. _ is this sentence that talks about a transition away from it. but - is this sentence that talks about a transition away from it. but as - is this sentence that talks about a transition away from it. but as wej transition away from it. but as we heard _ transition away from it. but as we heard from — transition away from it. but as we heard from catherine, _ transition away from it. but as we heard from catherine, the - transition away from it. but as we heard from catherine, the real. heard from catherine, the real challenge _ heard from catherine, the real challenge now _ heard from catherine, the real challenge now is _ heard from catherine, the real challenge now is what - heard from catherine, the real challenge now is what all - heard from catherine, the real challenge now is what all the i challenge now is what all the governments _ challenge now is what all the governments actually - challenge now is what all the governments actually do - challenge now is what all the i governments actually do about challenge now is what all the - governments actually do about it, and they've — governments actually do about it, and they've been _ governments actually do about it, and they've been given _ governments actually do about it, and they've been given two - governments actually do about it, and they've been given two yearsl governments actually do about it, l and they've been given two years to upgrade _ and they've been given two years to upgrade the — and they've been given two years to upgrade the climate _ and they've been given two years to upgrade the climate plans, - and they've been given two years to upgrade the climate plans, carbon. upgrade the climate plans, carbon reduction — upgrade the climate plans, carbon reduction strategies. _ upgrade the climate plans, carbon reduction strategies. if _ upgrade the climate plans, carbon reduction strategies. if they- upgrade the climate plans, carbon reduction strategies. if they don'tl reduction strategies. if they don't do that— reduction strategies. if they don't do that in— reduction strategies. if they don't do that in line _ reduction strategies. if they don't do that in line with _ reduction strategies. if they don't do that in line with what - reduction strategies. if they don't do that in line with what has - reduction strategies. if they don'tj do that in line with what has been said, _ do that in line with what has been said. and — do that in line with what has been said. and it — do that in line with what has been said. and it is— do that in line with what has been said, and it is entirely— do that in line with what has been said, and it is entirely voluntary, i said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they— said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they will— said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they willjudge _ said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they willjudge if _ said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they willjudge if it _ said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they willjudge if it truly- said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they willjudge if it truly is l said, and it is entirely voluntary, and they willjudge if it truly is al and they willjudge if it truly is a historic— and they willjudge if it truly is a historic moment. _ and they willjudge if it truly is a historic moment. this _ and they willjudge if it truly is a historic moment. this cop- and they willjudge if it truly is a historic moment. this cop felt i and they willjudge if it truly is a . historic moment. this cop felt very urgent _ historic moment. this cop felt very urgent on _ historic moment. this cop felt very urgent on behalf— historic moment. this cop felt very urgent on behalf of _ historic moment. this cop felt very urgent on behalf of many _ historic moment. this cop felt very urgent on behalf of many people, l urgent on behalf of many people, there _ urgent on behalf of many people, there were — urgent on behalf of many people, there were demonstrators - urgent on behalf of many people, there were demonstrators here. i there were demonstrators here. island _ there were demonstrators here. island nations _ there were demonstrators here. island nations here _ there were demonstrators here. island nations here saying, - there were demonstrators here. island nations here saying, we i there were demonstrators here. - island nations here saying, we don't want to sign our death warrant. everybody worried about trying to maintain this pace forjust 1.5 celsius warming, not going past that pressure. do you think this deal will keep the earth on track for that goal?— will keep the earth on track for that coal? , , . ,, , that goal? this is what we kept heafina that goal? this is what we kept hearing about _ that goal? this is what we kept hearing about every _ that goal? this is what we kept hearing about every day, - that goal? this is what we kept hearing about every day, 1.5 i that goal? this is what we kept - hearing about every day, 1.5 degrees is our— hearing about every day, 1.5 degrees is our north— hearing about every day, 1.5 degrees is our north star and the science is clear. _ is our north star and the science is clear. that — is our north star and the science is clear, that the main thing keeping us from _ clear, that the main thing keeping us from getting on a pathway to that 1.5 us from getting on a pathway to that 15 degrees— us from getting on a pathway to that 1.5 degrees limit is a lacking energy— 1.5 degrees limit is a lacking energy transition. however, the window— energy transition. however, the window is — energy transition. however, the window is rapidly closing. this is the hottest year we've had a record, on average — the hottest year we've had a record, on average this year we have seen upwards— on average this year we have seen upwards of— on average this year we have seen upwards of1.4 on average this year we have seen upwards of 1.4 degrees warming in some _ upwards of 1.4 degrees warming in some areas. in those countries that are most— some areas. in those countries that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate — are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly small— of climate change, particularly small island developing states, they are the _ small island developing states, they are the ones who actually worked at 1.5 are the ones who actually worked at 15 degrees— are the ones who actually worked at 1.5 degrees angle to the paris agreement, they fought for that level~ _ agreement, they fought for that level. and it was heartbreaking to see this _ level. and it was heartbreaking to see this decision gambled through in the plenary hall without them in the room _ the plenary hall without them in the room. , , ., ., , room. david, is this deal ambitious enou~h? room. david, is this deal ambitious enough? we _ room. david, is this deal ambitious enough? we know— room. david, is this deal ambitious enough? we know from _ room. david, is this deal ambitious enough? we know from an - room. david, is this deal ambitiousj enough? we know from an analysis room. david, is this deal ambitious i enough? we know from an analysis by the international _ enough? we know from an analysis by the international energy _ enough? we know from an analysis by the international energy agency - enough? we know from an analysis by the international energy agency that l the international energy agency that of all the _ the international energy agency that of all the things _ the international energy agency that of all the things promised _ the international energy agency that of all the things promised today, - the international energy agency that of all the things promised today, if i of all the things promised today, if they happen, — of all the things promised today, if they happen. that— of all the things promised today, if they happen, that gets _ of all the things promised today, if they happen, that gets us - of all the things promised today, if they happen, that gets us one - of all the things promised today, if| they happen, that gets us one third of the _ they happen, that gets us one third of the way— they happen, that gets us one third of the way to— they happen, that gets us one third of the way to what _ they happen, that gets us one third of the way to what needs _ they happen, that gets us one third of the way to what needs to - they happen, that gets us one third l of the way to what needs to happen. the science — of the way to what needs to happen. the science is— of the way to what needs to happen. the science is very _ of the way to what needs to happen. the science is very clear, _ of the way to what needs to happen. the science is very clear, to - of the way to what needs to happen. the science is very clear, to have - the science is very clear, to have any chance — the science is very clear, to have any chance of— the science is very clear, to have any chance of heading _ the science is very clear, to have any chance of heading off - the science is very clear, to have any chance of heading off the - the science is very clear, to have l any chance of heading off the most dangerous— any chance of heading off the most dangerous rise _ any chance of heading off the most dangerous rise in _ any chance of heading off the most dangerous rise in temperature, - any chance of heading off the most dangerous rise in temperature, we| dangerous rise in temperature, we have _ dangerous rise in temperature, we have to _ dangerous rise in temperature, we have to halve — dangerous rise in temperature, we have to halve global— dangerous rise in temperature, we have to halve global emissions - dangerous rise in temperature, we have to halve global emissions in i have to halve global emissions in seven— have to halve global emissions in seven years. _ have to halve global emissions in seven years. what _ have to halve global emissions in seven years. what happened - have to halve global emissions in| seven years. what happened here today— seven years. what happened here today is— seven years. what happened here today is extremely— seven years. what happened here today is extremely welcome - seven years. what happened here today is extremely welcome and i today is extremely welcome and positive — today is extremely welcome and positive lrut— today is extremely welcome and positive but it _ today is extremely welcome and positive but it will— today is extremely welcome and positive but it will not _ today is extremely welcome and positive but it will not deliver. positive but it will not deliver that. — positive but it will not deliver that. so _ positive but it will not deliver that. so i_ positive but it will not deliver that, so i think— positive but it will not deliver that, so i think we _ positive but it will not deliver that, so i think we have - positive but it will n