>> everything from 1952, right through today, what a canvas that is. >> an unexpected journey. >> yes, your father is dead. you are now queen. >> whoa! >> it was a man's world. she had not a clue what he was doing. >> she confronted challenges. >> everything that could go wrong did go wrong for the queen. >> it turned out to be -- >> and what the nation mourned -- >> princess diana has died tonight, she faced public scrutiny. >> the queen got crucified in the media. >> she chose family over duty. >> no one who knew diana will ever forget her. >> that was something she knew she had to do if she was gonna preserve the monarchy. >> then, more than two decades later, diana's youngest son was at the center of the royal shakeup. >> prince harry, the most popular royal after the queen, and his american wife, meghan, issuing what amounts to a declaration of independence. >> first of all, on the shock here, from 1 to 10, was this an 11? this >> was a 20, yes. >> modern-day drama added to a story past and tradition that had spanned generation. >> from the age of 21 to her 90s, she's given her life to the service of our country. >> breaking news from buckingham palace this morning, prince philip, the husband of queen elizabeth, has passed away. >> without the duke and her life, one can imagine it will take its toll on the queen. >> and duty, dedication, and dignity. >> the queen is the united kingdom. you could call of the united queen dome. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> in the united kingdom, in june 2016, the british people vote to leave the european union. queen elizabeth does not speak at the controversial brexit decision until a year later. >> my governments priorities to secure the best possible deal as the country leaves the european union. >> her comments in her annual address to parliament reflect her trademark restraint and neutrality. but viewers take note of her wardrobe. one accessory, in particular. >> she wore this beautiful corn flower blue hat with a series of flowers around it. i remember seeing that head thinking, goodness, that really looks familiar. >> the hat looked very much like the eu flag. there was no way the queen would have taken that decision unknowingly. >> good her majesty, who has reigned for more than 65 years as a careful and deliberate monarch, be sending a subtle message? >> the queen sits above politics, she should not get involved in politics. here you had a very, very momentous decision the country was about to take. >> the brexit conundrum illustrates the unique position of the queen. >> she's not meant to express political views, endorsed political views, support a political party. >> as queen of england, her powers are largely ceremonial. >> the essential role of the queen is to be a head of state, to approve legislation, to open parliament, to represent the nation abroad. >> 52 countries around the world, some huge countries, like canada and australia, some small places like -- she loves the commonwealth and knows and understands it. >> the queen is the best thing british foreign policy ever had, if we still have influence in the world, we can thank the queen for it. >> since 1952, the queen has arguably been the most famous women in the world. she is also among the richest. with a personal fortune that hovers around $500 million. >> she's not cash rich. but she is property rich. how can you put a value on bellmawr we, you can't. >> the queen is officially known as elizabeth the second by the grace of god of the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, and of her other realms and territories, queen head of the commonwealth, defender of the faith. she's also wife, a mother, grandmother, and great grandmother. we >> when you hear the two, prince william and harry, talking about the queen, they differentiate the personal and the kind of professional. they talk about her as their grandmother. but also she is the boss, she runs the firm. it's a family business. >> her group is formed, people don't know about it, called the way ahead group. their sole job is to come up with ways to modernize the monarchy. she's been willing to do whatever it takes to keep the monarchy relevant and a life. >> for the queen, duty and appearance often come first. and her majesty's birthday celebration in 2016, the world watches as she scold william, telling him to stand up when he crouches down to talk to his son, george. she is britain's longest reigning monarch in history, as well as its oldest. this incredible wealth of experience has made the queen a powerful resource on politics and diplomacy, one that is invaluable to her prime ministers. that power is wielded subtly and behind closed doors. >> what is important to any prime minister of this day is the breath of experience the queen has had. >> everything from 1952 right through today. what a canvas that is. cold war, nuclear weaponry, al-qaeda, with a lot. >> her majesty has been conducting nearly weekly meetings with every prime minister since winston sure chill in 1952. >> they are usually on a wednesday, around teatime. the prime minister will deliver to her that the news of the week, the forecast for the next week. >> somebody once asked him james callaghan, the prime minister, look, you are a friend of hers. will you stop being interviewed? he said, the queen does not offer friendship. she offers friendliness. very different. >> as only the sixth woman to be crowned queen of england in her own right, she has witnessed nearly a century of history. her unlikely journey all began on april 21st, 1926. >> princess elizabeth was born with no expectation of becoming queen. her father was the second son of the then king, george the fifth. every expectation that his older brother would eventually become king. >> she had a relatively normal education for an heiress to credit girl. she was educated at home. she wasn't sent to school. >> on the throne is her grandfather, king george v. to him, she is a little bit. to her, he is grandpa england. when he dies in -- all eyes are on elizabeth's uncle, edward, the next in line for the throne. >> he was glamorous, a woman i. he dressed in the high fashion. he was a brilliant horsemen. >> elizabeth's entire world, as well as hers destiny changes later that year, when the new king shocks the nation with a radio announcement. >> a few hours ago, i discharged my duty as king and emperor. >> elizabeth ankle abdicated when he fell in love with the american divorcee, wally simpson. the notion of a king marrying a divorced woman was not acceptable. a decision was taken by her uncle that rather than not marry the woman he left, he would give up the throne. >> that decision makes her father, king george the sixth, the queen's father took over asking, which was a real moment of potential crisis for the monarchy. >> he did not expect to be king. he did not want to be king. he had a stutter. he wasn't the man who had been groomed to be king. he was the spare to the air. >> ten-year-old princess elizabeth, a carefree girl who loves horses is now air apparent to an empire that rules over nearly a quarter of the world. the queen has always been very aware of the fact that her uncle abdicated responsibility and the impact that that had on her father. and she absolutely refers back to that constantly. >> she became the focus of the world's attention. a small girl who had lived a fairytale princess life, and she would also be part of history. >> coming up. -- and she came down as queen. came down as queen just $30? 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queen mother famously said, if he's not, moving i'm not moving. but they can get his wife send their daughters out of london to the relative safety of a more rural location. >> the public were just told they were staying at a location and the country, a secret. but in fact they were at windsor castle. >> from not secure spot, 14 year princess elizabeth addresses the nation's youth on the bbc's children's our radio broadcast. her sister margaret's by her side. >> i know from experience what it means to be away from those we love most of all. >> that was for her to offer kind reassurance and to boost the morale of children who have been evacuated all over the commonwealth. >> quite literally finding her voice and identifying with other people was a coming of age moment for this young woman, who is cast into the spotlight. >> during the war, the young princess joins the woman's auxiliary territorial service, where she learned to be a mechanic. >> she has confided in friends that she loved that period. >> she learned how to drive cars. she learned how to fix engines. she wore the uniform. even at that age, she wanted to do her duty. >> she must be the only person ever to sit on the british throne who did actually know how to service a cheap. >> the war ends in 1945. the celebrations of the end of war were led from buckingham palace's -- reinforcing this message that people were fighting very much for king and country, but also the royal family as a whole. >> two years later, princess elizabeth embarks on our first overseas trip, a commonwealth tour with her family, including two months in south africa. there, on her 21st birthday, she delivers what will prove to be one of the most important speeches of her life. >> i declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service. and to the service of our great imperial family, to which we all belong. >> the message was so significant. it was handing herself over to her public. >> elizabeth then was showing just her dedication to the job. she knew one day would come her way. >> three months later, the palace announces the engagement of princess elizabeth. and lieutenant philippe mountbatten. >> -- >> philip, a great great grandchild of queen victoria, and a distant cousin to princess elizabeth, was born into the greek and danish royal families. as an 18 year old cadet, he had been recruited in 1939 to show 13 year old elizabeth and her family around the royal naval college at dartmouth. >> she sort of developed a crush on him then. and really never looked at another man. >> not everyone welcomes the match. philip's of german descent and considered a foreigner. and especially troubling point so close to the end of the war. >> they want extraordinary thing that the queen did, which was completely out of character and a sense, was to mary prince philip. he didn't have any money or any family. >> to enhance the suitability, philip, who was baptized and a greek orthodox church, it's officially received by the church of england. then, the groom to be is re-branded, adopting his mother surname, mount button. he accepts the royal family will be known under the queen's name, winds are. >> much has been made of the notion of prince philip having to lose his own surname, adopt the queens. his children couldn't be called mount baton windsors. he didn't like that. >> the royal couple man marries -- >> when you think about that, that is two years after the end of the second world war. this country had just been ravaged by nazi bombs. people were still living on rations. >> elizabeth, like any bride, how to save up coupons because rationing was still on to buy the silk for her wedding dress. >> there was this fairytale princess, marrying this incredibly handsome prince and as winston churchill described, a splash of color in the hard road we have to travel. >> a year later, the princess gives birth to an a or. i saw the couple names charles. two years later, elizabeth and philippe welcome daughter and. the young family resides in -- phillips and his naval career in 51. that same year, the family and the country face a crisis when the princess's father, a heavy smoker, has surgery after doctors report, quote, structural changes in the long. >> he had a lung removed. there was hope that he would make a full recovery. >> the king was suffering from cancer. nobody talked about it in those days. >> he was in denial, really about how ill he was. he wanted to keep it from his family as much as possible. >> he never wanted to be king. i think, for george, really, the stress of having to take on that mantle, the burden of sovereignty, plus the cancer, made him a very sickly man. >> four months after the surgery, king george sees elizabeth and philippe off as the couple embarks on a six month commonwealth tour. first up is kenya. >> she was in a bush hotel, if you like, over treetops. she was telling the person -- i had a letter from papa, he's feeling better, he went shooting today. -- he was dying. >> 4000 miles away, less than a week after his airport goodbye, the 56-year-old king dies in his sleep of a blood clot that formed in his heart. >> the king who returned to arrest last night in his usual health, passed peacefully away in his sleep. >> in a moment, is a bit goes from young weather and princess to queen of an empire. she's 25 years old. >> elizabeth was pretty much one of the last people to know her father had passed away. because if they were in such a remote area, trying to get word to them, it was virtually impossible. >> finally, she was told of her father's death. of course it's, yes, your father's dead, you are now queen. whoa! those things happen absolutely simultaneously. >> she absolutely became queen when she was a tree top. she went up a tree as princess elizabeth and came down as queen. >> then you queen cuts her trip short and boards a 20 hour flight back to london. >> beyond that brutally long plane trip, she just played no emotion. periodically, she would get up and go to the bathroom and could be heard crying. >> it was a man's world. you know, this is 1952. here was this young girl suddenly taking on this enormous responsibility. she had not a clue, really, what she was doing. >> now queen, plans are set in motion for her coronation. prince philip serves as chairman of the committee. together, they make a controversial decision. >> the queen demanded it be televised. she didn't think monarchies should be something done in secret. she's often said to insiders, you know, we need to be seen to be believed. >> winston churchill was vehemently against televising the event. the queen, young as she was, went against the advice of probably her most trusted prime minister of her entire world career. >> on june 2nd, 1953, 3 million spectators and gathered in london to watch elizabeth proceed to westminster abby in the gold state coach. >> crowds lined the streets to see this parade of dresses and jewels, uniforms, carriages go by. to have a woman on the throne was something unique at the time. to be celebrated as well. and a girl who everybody had been used to seeing throughout the second world war basically coming of age in front of their eyes. >> coming up, when mountbatten was blown apart by the ira, it must have literally broken her heart. with the speed of astepro, almost nothing can slow you down. because astepro starts working in 30 minutes, while other allergy sprays take hours. and astepro is the first and only 24-hour steroid free allergy spray. now without a prescription. astepro and go. so we need something super disctintive. dad's work, meet daughter's playtime. wait 'till you hear this— thankfully, meta portal helps reduce background noise. zero lace model. adjusts to low light. and pans and zooms to keep you in frame. take a look at this. so the whole team stays on track. okay, let's get you some feedback. i'm impressed. great, loving your work. 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difference for you. madam, is your majesty willing to take the oath? >> i a