i want to start at the beginning, because it's important to establish what we're talking about. can you explain the difference between legal and illegal migration? legal migration the government has a lot of power and influence or affect, doesn't it?— doesn't it? legal migration is essentially— doesn't it? legal migration is essentially government - doesn't it? legal migration is| essentially government knows doesn't it? legal migration is - essentially government knows that that person is in the country, either because they have it with valid visa, or because of some agreement with that country, for example when the uk was in the eu, people from the eu could come to the uk without a visa, this is different to illegal migration where the government doesn't know that that person is in the country, but an important decision to be made is thatjust because somebody enters a country illegally, like crossing the channel on a small boat, it does not mean they are and illegal migrants if they say are going to claim asylum, because the government knows that person is there.— that person is there. interestingly, the fi . ure that person is there. interestingly, the figure that _ that person is there. interestingly, the figure that we _ that person is there. interestingly, the figure that we had _ that person is there. interestingly, the figure that we had today - that person is there. interestingly, the figure that we had today from | the figure that we had today from year to date june the figure that we had today from year to datejune 2023, we have been a record because it's not, because the figures before had actually been raised, explain what happened there? when the ons initially released the figures, when they released the 2022 figures, when they released the 2022 figures back in may, he doesn't have the complete data much so it makes assumptions regarding how many people stayed beyond their initial visa, some how many people leave before their visa expires, and what appears to happen is behaviours have changed slightly for students, it appears more of them are staying beyond the end of their studies, which hasn't been the case in previous years, which is led to the figures being revised up. the key question is whether that stress in the short—term or, for instance, students stay for a few years, or whether it would be a longer—term. looking at this report, it gives us a sense of why people are come to the uk, doesn't it, that's of its student migration and summit work emma and particularly work in the house and care sector, and we know it that is a sector that has struggled to recruit staff, particularly after brexit, which raises the debate about what migration people may want and what they may not want. that is the political issue, how do you make sure people come in here can contribute and be economically active. �* , . , active. it's an interesting pattern that emerges — active. it's an interesting pattern that emerges when _ active. it's an interesting pattern that emerges when we _ active. it's an interesting pattern that emerges when we look - active. it's an interesting pattern that emerges when we look at i active. it's an interesting pattern - that emerges when we look at opinion service. if people are asked if they would like net migration to be lower, that statement has quite some support, but if you ask about specific groups, so you ask about specific groups, so you ask about specific incomes or forjobs or students for example, these specific types actually gain support, so the tricky thing for the government and policymakers is to reduce net migration but also simultaneously not reduce these categories that people believe that we need in the uk. n, ., people believe that we need in the uk. ., ., people believe that we need in the uk. good to have you with us,. thank ou. let's return to our top story this hour — it's been a day of significant developments in the israel—gaza conflict, with new details of a pause in fighting, and the planned release of some israeli hostages held by hamas in gaza, in return for the release of some palestinian prisoners in israeli jails. a pause in fighting was due to start earlier today, but an israeli government source told the bbc that hamas had made extra demands. for more on the latest details, i spoke earlier to our correspondent tom bateman — he's following the story from jerusalem. we had a very detailed explanation of the mechanics of what has been agreed which came from the qatari foreign ministry spokesperson during a lengthy briefing. what we know is the agreement is the four date cease—fire should begin at 7am local time tomorrow morning and then at 4pm in the afternoon in gaza will be the release of the first batch of 13 hostages held by hamas, all women and children, handed over to the custody of the red cross where there will be taken to the egyptians and therefore transferred to and is really liaison point. within two hours of that, the agreement states that israel should release three times the number of palestinian prisoners a month so 39 palestinians that it holds in its custody, the list it had released yesterday are largely of teenage boys, some 18 or 19—year—old teenagers and women that israel holds in its custody. i made all of that, pretty much straightaway, there was a serious and that you would get a boost of aid convoys going into gaza. and it was hoped that would happen from early tomorrow morning as well, though we had throughout this and aid agencies describing it still as aid agencies describing it still as a sticking plaster and that they need much more. the sense from the cut saris was that they hope this truth will lead to something that creates confidence and the two in effect a more permanent agreement. that may be seen as wishful thinking by many, both the israelis and hamas have made it clear they intend to continue fighting after this round to allow the release of hostages and prisoners is over. tam to allow the release of hostages and prisoners is over.— prisoners is over. tom bateman explaining _ prisoners is over. tom bateman explaining fighting _ prisoners is over. tom bateman explaining fighting is _ prisoners is over. tom bateman explaining fighting is expected i prisoners is over. tom bateman. explaining fighting is expected to resume after the pause that is to begin at 7am local time tomorrow morning about but we are getting use tonight that hamas said people have been killed in a israeli strike on at school located in the jabalia refugee camp but the few details on that. hamas reporting people were killed in a strike on a joint school, but some bateman explaining though it the positive fight and is expected to go in tomorrow morning, it seems some of the strikes continue and israel make it clear there will resume after that pause, using that word pause again rather than cease—fire, a pause in the fighting so i neither received —— release of hostages from gaza. it was supposed to happen earlier today now been delayed until tomorrow. we understand it is because hamas issued additional demands, we don't know what they are, but nonetheless it seems right now the fighting continues i have that pause in the conflict tomorrow. as the intensity of shelling along the border between israel and lebanon increases, tens of thousands of people on either side have left their homes. israel has been accused of "wilfully targeting" fleeing lebanese civilians, including a family who were hit in an air strike earlier this month. israel says it s' investigating the incident. from southern lebanon, wyre davies reports. doing theirjob along one of the most dangerous frontiers in the world, almost every day since the border conflict between hezbollah and israel began, staff and volunteers from lebanese civil defence group have sped towards the aftermath of air and list missile tanks. this is a plain strike on a family home which happened about 1k months ago, what we know is that there was a and several children and members of the family have been taken to hospital. this is that lebanese from the in a house just across the border from lebanese from the in a house just across the borderfrom israel. we later learned an elderly woman was killed in the attack on a young girl with serious abdominal wounds among the injured, the local civil defence she says civilians have increasingly become victims of the war. for us, the biggest — become victims of the war. for us, the biggest concern _ become victims of the war. for us, the biggest concern is _ become victims of the war. for us, the biggest concern is about - become victims of the war. for us, the biggest concern is about the i the biggest concern is about the civilians was not we have to save them every time. but civilians was not we have to save them every time.— civilians was not we have to save them every time. but it's dangerous. yes it is dangerous _ them every time. but it's dangerous. yes it is dangerous but _ them every time. but it's dangerous. yes it is dangerous but living - yes it is dangerous but living in lebanon is dangerous to. $5 yes it is dangerous but living in lebanon is dangerous to. as we found, lebanon is dangerous to. as we found. and _ lebanon is dangerous to. as we found. and is— lebanon is dangerous to. as we found, and is really _ lebanon is dangerous to. as we found, and is really drone - lebanon is dangerous to. as we | found, and is really drone cruise the skies above over lebanese terrorists where the powerful islamist hezbollah is dominant and fires gets into israel. the drones are used by israel to strike what it says are hezbollah positions. the united nations, which patrols the fragile between israel and lebanon, says that over several weeks the conflict here has escalated almost daily. conflict here has escalated almost dail . , , . conflict here has escalated almost dail . , ' . ., conflict here has escalated almost dail. , , daily. difficult to say because the shellin: daily. difficult to say because the shelling has _ daily. difficult to say because the shelling has been _ daily. difficult to say because the shelling has been intense, - daily. difficult to say because the - shelling has been intense, thousands of rockets and exchanges of fire on a regular basis so when you haven't such an intensity of conflict in a very localised area where people are leaving, of course the risk of hitting and killing civilians is higher. hitting and killing civilians is hiaher. , ., , hitting and killing civilians is hiaher. , _ hitting and killing civilians is hiuher. , ,, ,,, , higher. this family, buying supplies for the journey _ higher. this family, buying supplies for the journey to _ higher. this family, buying supplies for the journey to beirut _ higher. this family, buying supplies for the journey to beirut this - for the journey to beirut this weekend knew it was dangerous to remain near the border. minutes later, there car was hit by a strike from an and is three little girls killed in the back, grandmother in the front, also killed, and somehow the front, also killed, and somehow the mother sitting in the driving seat was able to be dragged to safety by her uncle. the organisation, human rights watch says that what happens here could amount to a war crime. the family's uncle rejects israel's explanation that it's struck a suspicious vehicle containing several terrorist. israel says it is investigating claims that it may have involved civilians in a car. translate or i will always remember her screams and cries. she translate or i will always remember her screams and cries.— her screams and cries. she was tellin: her screams and cries. she was telling me _ her screams and cries. she was telling me get _ her screams and cries. she was telling me get my _ her screams and cries. she was telling me get my consider - her screams and cries. she was - telling me get my consider michael get my kids out of the car. she repeated this over and over till i dragged her out. 1&1 repeated this over and over till i dragged her out.— repeated this over and over till i dragged her out. 14 euros remus, cefine dragged her out. 14 euros remus, celine was — dragged her out. 14 euros remus, celine was 12. _ dragged her out. 14 euros remus, celine was 12, and _ dragged her out. 14 euros remus, celine was 12, and their _ dragged her out. 14 euros remus, celine was 12, and their sister - dragged her out. 14 euros remus, | celine was 12, and their sister only came back to the border to pick up their schoolbooks said their uncle, school years they will never complete, weary davis, bbc news. around the world and across the uk. this is bbc news this is chrysler's small cause, here since the 1850s, it has been one family for more a century no granted graded to listed status. the staff of 19 q and the chrysler creepers, some can still submit the fish by hand, a delicate skill. you some can still submit the fish by hand, a delicate skill.— some can still submit the fish by hand, a delicate skill. you have to have the feeling _ hand, a delicate skill. you have to have the feeling in _ hand, a delicate skill. you have to have the feeling in years - hand, a delicate skill. you have to | have the feeling in years spenders, you run the blade along the backbone. d0 you run the blade along the backbone-— you run the blade along the backbone._ i l you run the blade along the - backbone._ i thought backbone. do i en'oy it? i thought ou miaht backbone. do i en'oy it? i thought you might laugh. — backbone. do i enjoy it? i thought you might laugh. it's _ backbone. do i enjoy it? i thought you might laugh. it's all— backbone. do i enjoy it? i thought you might laugh. it's all right. - backbone. do i enjoy it? i thought you might laugh. it's all right. wej you might laugh. it's all right. we have a bit of— you might laugh. it's all right. we have a bit of a _ you might laugh. it's all right. we have a bit of a banter _ you might laugh. it's all right. we have a bit of a banter and laugh, l have a bit of a banter and laugh, it's cold and smelly.— it's cold and smelly. there were houses like _ it's cold and smelly. there were houses like this _ it's cold and smelly. there were houses like this throughout - it's cold and smelly. there were| houses like this throughout rural areas but many have gone out. that they are customers far and wide. indie they are customers far and wide. we come they are customers far and wide. - come every year for kipper. they are customers far and wide. we come every year for kipper. you - come every year for kipper. you think that _ come every year for kipper. you think that good? _ come every year for kipper. you think that good? they _ come every year for kipper. you think that good? they are - come every year for kipper. you i think that good? they are brilliant. and with this _ think that good? they are brilliant. and with this house _ think that good? they are brilliant. and with this house now— think that good? they are brilliant. and with this house now would - and with this house now would status, they should continue for years to come. finland is condemning moscow's systematic and organised action regarding their undocumented migrants, pushing them at the border between the two countries. helsinki say that the border authorities are faced with what they call an �*influx' of undocumented migrant. finland and russia share a 1300 km long border with russia, and the relationship between the two countries soured after the invasion of ukraine — prompting helsinki to accede to the nato alliance back in april. live now to helsinki we can speak to doctor iro sarkka, senior research fellow at the finnish institute of international affairs. and maybe start at the beginning here i'm a explain what is going on right now on that border and how significant that border is. it is the longest — significant that border is. it is the longest land _ significant that border is. it 3 the longest land border that the eu and nato has for a country here in europe and it's important for finland not only to protect a national boarding but the border of the european union and the transatlantic union. we have seen hundreds of immigrants arriving to finland, approximately 600 altogether in november, but it's not just a number that's the issue, it's over the fact that russia is basically webinars and or migration into finland to try and insert and exert turbulence in the finnish society amongst the populations of the migrants. it is one of ways we can see how finland is being influence in a hybrid menu in this situation. �* ., influence in a hybrid menu in this situation. �* . ., , , ., situation. i'm a right that russia no considers _ situation. i'm a right that russia no considers finland _ situation. i'm a right that russia no considers finland to - situation. i'm a right that russia no considers finland to be - situation. i'm a right that russia no considers finland to be a - situation. i'm a right that russia i no considers finland to be a hostile nation since itjoined nato earlier this year? nation since it “oined nato earlier this ear? , , ., nation since it “oined nato earlier this ear? ,, ., , , ., this year? russia considers finland as an unfriendly _ this year? russia considers finland as an unfriendly state _ this year? russia considers finland as an unfriendly state that - this year? russia considers finland as an unfriendly state that this - as an unfriendly state that this state, they never wanted finland to join nato monday wanted to stop that happening. since we havejoined the alliance, their next up is try and do evil things, hostile things to our nation and also the alliance. to try and test how we will react, the finnish authorities on the one hand, but also as the alliance as a whole, how the other needs of an eu countries will react in this situation.— countries will react in this situation. ~ ., ., , countries will react in this situation. ~' ., . , situation. do we know anything about the migrants — situation. do we know anything about the migrants who _ situation. do we know anything about the migrants who are _ situation. do we know anything about the migrants who are making - situation. do we know anything about the migrants who are making the - the migrants who are making the crossing across that border? are there details about who they are, where they're from, and why they ended up on that border? thea;r where they're from, and why they ended up on that border? they are ve sto ended up on that border? they are very story is. _ ended up on that border? they are very story is. they _ ended up on that border? they are very story is, they are _ ended up on that border? they are very story is, they are real- very story is, they are real asylum—seekers but also people who are trying to migrate the finland a month so they are also positively infiltrators, that's what the government authority seat. also, people seeking jobs in finland. people coming from various different countries, countries in the middle east, iraq, yemen, for instance, syria, some african nations as well make somalia and kenya, but the interesting fact is these people have even been transported from the petterson border on the way up to finland, which is the length of some 2000 killing monstersjourney to take. you need someone to help you out with that, so they're both criminals and human traffickers but also the russian authorities help in assisting people to cross the border amma and even pushing them across the border. find amma and even pushing them across the border. �* ,, ., amma and even pushing them across the border. �* , , ., ., , amma and even pushing them across the border. �* ,, ., .,, , ., , the border. and russia has previous form of manoeuvres _ the border. and russia has previous form of manoeuvres lik