accusations of war crimes have been made against both sides. so what laws do apply here? our analysis editor ros atkins explains. it's clearly a humanitarian catastrophe and obviously, there can be... the parties must always not deliberately attacked civilians. they must ensure that civilian casualties are not excessive. you can't launch indiscriminate attacks which while targeting a military objective might be equally liable because of the nature of the weapon you use. also, killing civilians in the is a treaty under national law. which means when launching a military attack on a military objective, an attacking force must not launch an attack because this would cause excessive civilian casualties. what that basically means is that you have to weigh up the military importance of the target against how many civilians you think might be likely to be injured or killed and if that strike were to go ahead you then need to make a decision whether there is justification for the strike in those circumstances. our analysis editor ros atkins explains. there are calls for a ceasefire or a humanitarian pause in the israel—gaza war. and these are two different things. here's how. the un defines a ceasefire as a suspension of fighting agreed upon by the parties to a conflict. it's a negotiated agreement between two sides and the un wants a ceasefire, as do many aid groups. they say one is needed to stop further civilian deaths in gaza. spain, russia, china, egypt, jordan, saudi arabia and other countries as well as the pope all agree. israel, though, says calls for a ceasefire are calls for israel to surrender to hamas. the uk rejects a ceasefire too. so does the us. but it has another idea. we do believe that humanitarian pauses could be of value. the humanitarian pause would mean a temporary halt to hostilities in specific places to allow aid into gaza. a pause is less formal and shorter than a ceasefire. right now, israel is saying no to both options. it continues to bomb gaza. hamas hasn't commented on either option. it continues to fire rockets into israel. and so the war continues. let's now speak live to the spokesperson of the united release and works agency which provides humanitarian aid to gaza.- humanitarian aid to gaza. what's our humanitarian aid to gaza. what's your information _ humanitarian aid to gaza. what's your information on _ humanitarian aid to gaza. what's your information on current - your information on current humanitarian aid? it your information on current humanitarian aid? it continues to worsen by the — humanitarian aid? it continues to worsen by the hour. _ humanitarian aid? it continues to worsen by the hour. every- humanitarian aid? it continues to worsen by the hour. every hours| humanitarian aid? it continues to - worsen by the hour. every hours hour that passes. — worsen by the hour. every hours hour that passes, the humanitarian crisis in gaza _ that passes, the humanitarian crisis in gaza deepens. we are now hosting 700,000 _ in gaza deepens. we are now hosting 700,000 people in our shelters. they are overcrowded. we continue to use staff, _ are overcrowded. we continue to use staff, 72 _ are overcrowded. we continue to use staff, 72 of _ are overcrowded. we continue to use staff, 72 of our colleagues have been _ staff, 72 of our colleagues have been killed since the war in gaza. when _ been killed since the war in gaza. when you — been killed since the war in gaza. when you say they are in shelters. what forms of these shelters take and where are they? mast what forms of these shelters take and where are they?— and where are they? most of the shelters we _ and where are they? most of the shelters we were _ and where are they? most of the shelters we were using - and where are they? most of the shelters we were using our- and where are they? most of the i shelters we were using our schools before _ shelters we were using our schools before the — shelters we were using our schools before the war began because we are the only— before the war began because we are the only un agency in the world that run a _ the only un agency in the world that run a fully— the only un agency in the world that run a fully fledged school system. sadly, _ run a fully fledged school system. sadly, since the war began, we've turned _ sadly, since the war began, we've turned the — sadly, since the war began, we've turned the schools into shelters and there _ turned the schools into shelters and there are _ turned the schools into shelters and there are thousands and thousands of families_ there are thousands and thousands of families in_ there are thousands and thousands of families in these schools. the conditions there are very, very bad because _ conditions there are very, very bad because they are overcrowded and some _ because they are overcrowded and some people in some areas are sharing, — some people in some areas are sharing, hundreds of people, in fact, _ sharing, hundreds of people, in fact, sharing one toilet in these shelters — fact, sharing one toilet in these shelters. �* ., , ., shelters. and are these in the north ofthe shelters. and are these in the north of the south? _ shelters. and are these in the north of the south? they _ shelters. and are these in the north of the south? they are _ shelters. and are these in the north of the south? they are across - shelters. and are these in the north of the south? they are across the i of the south? they are across the board, both _ of the south? they are across the board, both north _ of the south? they are across the board, both north and _ of the south? they are across the board, both north and south - of the south? they are across the board, both north and south of. of the south? they are across the | board, both north and south of the gaza strip — board, both north and south of the gaza strip. we board, both north and south of the gaza stri -. ~ , ., gaza strip. we understand humanitarian _ gaza strip. we understand humanitarian aid - gaza strip. we understand humanitarian aid has - gaza strip. we understand - humanitarian aid has increased across the rafah board. it’s humanitarian aid has increased across the rafah board. it's still not enough- _ across the rafah board. it's still not enough. whatever - across the rafah board. it's still not enough. whatever is - across the rafah board. it's still| not enough. whatever is coming across the rafah board. it's still i not enough. whatever is coming in across the rafah board. it's still - not enough. whatever is coming in on these _ not enough. whatever is coming in on these trucks, — not enough. whatever is coming in on these trucks, the frequencies of these _ these trucks, the frequencies of these convoys is not at all enough. it doesn't — these convoys is not at all enough. it doesn't mean the overwhelming he humanitarian needs in gaza. garza used _ humanitarian needs in gaza. garza used to— humanitarian needs in gaza. garza used to get— humanitarian needs in gaza. garza used to get on a daily basis 500 trucks — used to get on a daily basis 500 trucks. now on average, we are getting _ trucks. now on average, we are getting 13—14 — 15, it is a drop in the ocean, _ getting 13—14 — 15, it is a drop in the ocean, as we've said. we getting 13-14 - 15, it is a drop in the ocean, as we've said. we know and tony blinken _ the ocean, as we've said. we know and tony blinken is _ the ocean, as we've said. we know and tony blinken is the _ the ocean, as we've said. we know and tony blinken is the secretary l the ocean, as we've said. we know| and tony blinken is the secretary of state and he will be talking to benjamin netanyahu and will ask for a cessation, a pause in the violence, what might that achieve? it is overdue. there is a humanitarian ceasefire in the gaza strip _ humanitarian ceasefire in the gaza strip we — humanitarian ceasefire in the gaza strip. we are asking how many more? how many— strip. we are asking how many more? how many more and how much more suffering _ how many more and how much more suffering and pain and loss, how much _ suffering and pain and loss, how much more? it is absolutely time for a ceasefire _ much more? it is absolutely time for a ceasefire for the sake of humanity. a ceasefire for the sake of humanity-— a ceasefire for the sake of humani . �* ., , humanity. are you in anyway sympathetic— humanity. are you in anyway sympathetic to _ humanity. are you in anyway sympathetic to the _ humanity. are you in anyway sympathetic to the goal- humanity. are you in anyway sympathetic to the goal of i humanity. are you in anyway - sympathetic to the goal of israel after the devastating attacks we saw in israel, are you sympathetic to its goal to remove hamas the gaza strip? its goal to remove hamas the gaza stri - ? ~ . its goal to remove hamas the gaza stri?~ ., ., ,, its goal to remove hamas the gaza stri? ., ., ,, _, its goal to remove hamas the gaza stri? ., ,., ., strip? what happened in israel on the 7th of october _ strip? what happened in israel on the 7th of october is _ strip? what happened in israel on the 7th of october is devastating, | the 7th of october is devastating, it's devastating but violence breeds more _ it's devastating but violence breeds more violence and it's time for a ceasefire — more violence and it's time for a ceasefire for the sake of civilians everywhere, everywhere.- everywhere, everywhere. you've mentioned _ everywhere, everywhere. you've mentioned your _ everywhere, everywhere. you've mentioned your staff _ everywhere, everywhere. you've mentioned your staff and - everywhere, everywhere. you've mentioned your staff and those i everywhere, everywhere. you've i mentioned your staff and those who have lost which now runs into several, more than several. sorry, sa the several, more than several. sorry, say the question — several, more than several. sorry, say the question again? _ several, more than several. sorry, say the question again? you - several, more than several. sorry, say the question again? you are i say the question again? you are losin: say the question again? you are losing your _ say the question again? you are losing your own _ say the question again? you are losing your own staff _ say the question again? you are losing your own staff in - say the question again? you are losing your own staff in this - losing your own staff in this conflict, that must be devastating for you but also undermine your ability to assist. 3�*2. for you but also undermine your ability to assist.— ability to assist. 72. we've lost 72. including — ability to assist. 72. we've lost 72, including most _ ability to assist. 72. we've lost 72, including most recently - ability to assist. 72. we've lost 72, including most recently a l ability to assist. 72. we've lost - 72, including most recently a young lady in _ 72, including most recently a young lady in her— 72, including most recently a young lady in her mid—20s who had physical disabilities _ lady in her mid—20s who had physical disabilities. she was displaced herseif— disabilities. she was displaced herself in the north of the gaza strip— herself in the north of the gaza strip and — herself in the north of the gaza strip and she was killed in the north— strip and she was killed in the north of— strip and she was killed in the north of gaza, with members of her family _ north of gaza, with members of her famil . ., , ., ., family. regarding the situation ou've family. regarding the situation you've seen — family. regarding the situation you've seen with _ family. regarding the situation you've seen with your - family. regarding the situation you've seen with your staff, . family. regarding the situation. you've seen with your staff, how family. regarding the situation - you've seen with your staff, how are you've seen with your staff, how are you able to best assist in the gaza strip? how dangerous is it for you? can you attempt to provide services there? ., , ., ., ., there? our operation in the gaza stri is there? our operation in the gaza strip is the _ there? our operation in the gaza strip is the largest _ there? our operation in the gaza strip is the largest humanitarian | strip is the largest humanitarian operation — strip is the largest humanitarian operation across the board there. our teams — operation across the board there. our teams there are themselves displaced, grieving, because of loss of family. _ displaced, grieving, because of loss of family, friends and neighbours but they— of family, friends and neighbours but they are on the ground and they are helping — but they are on the ground and they are helping and providing assistance and humanitarian support where ever they can _ and humanitarian support where ever they can for— and humanitarian support where ever they can for the palestinian communities but our supplies are running _ communities but our supplies are running out and our efforts are being — running out and our efforts are being stretched. people are exhausted. they are tired of this war and — exhausted. they are tired of this war and of— exhausted. they are tired of this war and of the siege and they've not enough _ war and of the siege and they've not enough supplies and this is why we insist— enough supplies and this is why we insist getting in more supplies on a reguiar— insist getting in more supplies on a regular basis and this is why we insist— regular basis and this is why we insist and — regular basis and this is why we insist and we ask for an urgent shipment _ insist and we ask for an urgent shipment of fuel because without it, we are _ shipment of fuel because without it, we are not— shipment of fuel because without it, we are not able to continue to deiiver~ — we are not able to continue to deliver. ~ ., ,., we are not able to continue to deliver. ~ ., ., . , , deliver. what sort of check study aid convoys _ deliver. what sort of check study aid convoys undergo _ deliver. what sort of check study aid convoys undergo before - deliver. what sort of check study aid convoys undergo before they| aid convoys undergo before they cross the rafah crossing? how extensive are they and is that the source of the problem? it’s extensive are they and is that the source of the problem?— source of the problem? it's very extensive _ source of the problem? it's very extensive and _ source of the problem? it's very extensive and this _ source of the problem? it's very extensive and this whole - source of the problem? it's very i extensive and this whole operation is doomed — extensive and this whole operation is doomed to fail if we continue to run it— is doomed to fail if we continue to run it the — is doomed to fail if we continue to run it the way we're running it right— run it the way we're running it right now _ run it the way we're running it right now. there are a number issues with the _ right now. there are a number issues with the way— right now. there are a number issues with the way the operation is being run. with the way the operation is being run firstly, — with the way the operation is being run. firstly, the trucks are far from — run. firstly, the trucks are far from enough and they do not include fuel. from enough and they do not include fuei~ it's _ from enough and they do not include fuei~ it's a _ from enough and they do not include fuel. it's a very cumbersome process whether— fuel. it's a very cumbersome process whether it's — fuel. it's a very cumbersome process whether it's the inspection, the route _ whether it's the inspection, the route it — whether it's the inspection, the route it takes on the convoys need to become — route it takes on the convoys need to become much more regular. they need _ to become much more regular. they need to— to become much more regular. they need to include the commodities people _ need to include the commodities people need and the humanitarian community needs, which includes feei~ _ community needs, which includes feet we — community needs, which includes feel. we have not had fuel since 7th of 0ctober~ — feel. we have not had fuel since 7th of october. we have not had one drop of october. we have not had one drop of fuel— of october. we have not had one drop of fuel has— of october. we have not had one drop of fuel has come into the gaza strip and we _ of fuel has come into the gaza strip and we need it for humanitarian purposes — and we need it for humanitarian --uroses. ., ., ., , purposes. our organisation needs it. thank ou purposes. our organisation needs it. thank you for— purposes. our organisation needs it. thank you for your _ purposes. our organisation needs it. thank you for your time. _ so—called �*crypto king' sam bankman—fried is found guilty of fraud and money laundering. he was a towering figure in crypto, a self—made person who said that it was a safe and easy way to get into crypto currency. at one point he was worth $26 billion and it propelled him into an a—list network of social celebrities. some he paid to endorse at ftx. he charmed washington politicians calling for greater transparency in the crypto industry made donations to their campaigns. he also said he was a responsible leader. but it turns out the fortune the business and the image were built on a lie. the great success story was in fact are great fraud. he faces decades in prison. his apparent success belied a pyramid of deceit. they said he used stolen money to prop up the investment fund he founded and to purchase real estate and fund his lavish lifestyle. his close friends and business partners, including his ex—girlfriend, pleaded guilty and testified against him. he pleaded not guilty to all charges. the government _ not guilty to all charges. the government put _ not guilty to all charges. the government put a _ not guilty to all charges. tie: government put a lot of not guilty to all charges. he government put a lot of pressure not guilty to all charges. tt9 government put a lot of pressure on witness... that ultimately led to the conviction. witness. .. that ultimately led to the conviction.— witness... that ultimately led to the conviction. this extraordinary fall from grace _ the conviction. this extraordinary fall from grace may _ the conviction. this extraordinary fall from grace may be _ the conviction. this extraordinary fall from grace may be more - the conviction. this extraordinary| fall from grace may be more than just personal. his guilt could severely damage the reputation of the wider crypto sector worldwide. it's the final day of king charles' and queen camilla's visit to kenya. on thursday, the royals visited a marine conservation centre and learned about the community's efforts to protect local species of coral and sea turtle. as part of the four—day trip to the east african country, the king said he would attempt to understand the impact of colonial—era atrocities. joining me now from nairobi is our senior africa correspondent — anne soy. it has been a mixed bag. the king's visit has highlighted the past. it's brought it to the conversation table in people's living room. in kenya, people have been talking about the colonial legacy. on the one hand, recognising that the two countries share a lot as a result of the history, with its language, education and defence, trade. the king has been meeting with tech entrepreneurs on his visit. but also looking at that difficult period, the colonial period, especially in the colonial period, especially in the lead up to independence when there was the uprising, mostly in central kenya which the colonial government launched a crushing crackdown on and he has acknowledged that as a painful past and has said those acts were unjustifiable and abhorrent. many kenyans have welcomed that that they were hoping to hear more. they were hoping to hear the king apologise. around the world and across the new quay, this is bbc news. —— uk. dozens of one of my trees towering around him. now international conservation efforts mean these trees are finding new homes. trees have been sent to 28 botanic gardens in the uk and europe. it's really important to herjob bets, to have this back—up stop all over the world. this is particularly important in australia where these plants had growing in a confined population when australia in 2020 was experiencing massive wildfires. what makes these trees remarkable is that they've survived ii ice ages and only to be found in a remote valley by chance. it's the equivalent of stumbling into a brontosaurus in a valley. around the world and across the uk. this is bbc news. the tech billionaire elon musk has said artificial intelligence will one day take away the need to work, and the biggest challenges in the future will be how to find meaning in life. in a public event with britain's prime minister rishi sunak, mr musk also warned of humanoid robots that might turn against us. the possibilities are endless. this is a very small example of the power of this technology. just a few stops away from here is buckinghamshire. some reckon artificial intelligence will mean another industrial revolution, shaking up the worth place, health and education but at bletchley park the world of the world war ii code breaker is there are concerns that computers could be are concerns that computers could be a danger to us all. the prime minister has invited folk from around the world, the un secretary—general and the the un secretary general and the vice president of the united states. among them, the late stephen hawking, once said a.i. is likely to be the best or worst thing to happen to humanity. if we can sustain the collaboration that we have fostered over these last two days, i profoundly believe that we can make it the best. the world is still working out what on earth to do about a.i., what international rules might be needed. some say the technology has in—built problems already, but the government has said it won't rush to regulate. i think that that's wrong. i think there's plenty of evidence of the risks and the harms that are happening here and now to people. and the government should be regulating right now and could be moving faster if it had the political will to do so. rishi sunak reckons a.i. can help grow the economy overall, but where will it leave ourjobs? the leaders need to be more candid about the consequences of a.i. revolutionizing workplaces bluntly, potentially putting lots of people out of work. we should look at a.i. much more as a co pilot than something that necessarily is going to replace someone's job. a. i. is a tool that can help almost everybody do their jobs better, faster, quicker. but that does mean jobs can change. technology has long been revolutionary. this next wave ai terrifies some, excites others. chris mason, bbc news at bletchley park. let's hear more about the conversation between rishi sunak and elon musk. the footage was provided by downing street. this is a flavour of what they said. there will come a point where nojob is needed. you can have a job if you want to have a job for personal satisfaction. but the ai will do everything. i don't know if that will make people feel comfortable or uncomfortable. the indian capital, delhi, is in the grip of thick smog.... these pictures were filmed a short while ago in the centre of the city. the world health organisation says that particles — which are so small they can enter the bloodstream — are currently at almost 35 times the maximum recommended amount. government—run and private primary schools in delhi are being closed for the next two days. this is bbc news. an australian woman suspected of poisoning and killing three people after serving them a lunch containing deadly mushrooms has appeared in court. erin patterson faces three counts of murder and five of attempted murder. she says she didn't intentionally poison her former in—laws and their relatives. our correspondent simon atkinson is in leongatha, outside the house where erin patterson was arrested. he sent this update. police are back here today. it was yesterday they came and did a great deal of searching of the property. they took away boxes and boxes of material and now they are returned in the last couple of hours. what we have learned from the court appearance earlier today, erin patterson had a very, very brief court appearance where she was remanded in custody. but one of the things which came out of that was the police said they had obtained so much material, including computer equipment, that it was going to take them they estimated 20 weeks to trawl through it to try and establish what should happen next. and the judge agreed to that delay. and what that means is she is not going to be back in court now until may of next year. so clearly lots and lots for the police to work through. the other interesting thing i would say that we learned from the court documents which were released today, they related to some of those charges of attempted murder. and of those five, four, we now understand, are in relation to herformer husband, one in the house behind me, the meal in which all of these are the poisonings allegedly took place. but the rest, historic, over the past few years where it is alleged that she tried to poison her, her ex—husband on several occasions. britain's marine conservation society, says public sightings ofjellyfish in the uk's seas has increased by a—third — to more than 1.700 last year. scientists say this abundance is a sign of the world's oceans heating up. but they say more research is needed to understand the precise link between more frequentjellyfish sightings and climate change. tim muffett reports. no brain, no bones, no heart and no eyes. jellyfish are amongst the most mysterious creatures on earth. there's been a big rise in the number ofjellyfish spotted over the past 12 months in uk and irish waters. an increase of almost a third on the previous year. the barreljellyfish — the uk's largest — was the most frequently sighted in the marine conservation society's survey. so at the moment, the jury is out as to why we might be seeing increases in certain jellyfish species. we know that they operate on boom—and—bust population cycles. so we might be just seeing a 20—year boom cycle for barrel jellyfish in uk waters. but at the same time, we know that our oceans are changing, we know our seas are getting warmer and our warmer winters are probably making our oceans much better for barreljellyfish. the lion's mane jellyfish was the second most frequently spotted. like manyjellyfish species, its sting can be painful to humans, as can that of the portuguese man o'war. it's not technically a jellyfish, but is also often spotted around our coastline and washed up on beaches. we always say look, but don't touch, because if you get stung by a lion's mane jellyfish, it will really spoil your day. the increases in the number of portuguese man o'war strandings in the uk could be related to the increased frequency and intensity of these late autumn and winter storms that we're seeing, bringing more of these animals into our waters. not everyone will welcome the thought of more jellyfish around our coastline, but these fascinating creatures have become a more common sight. let's bring you up—to—date on the war in gaza. we are bringing you pictures of the gaza border. these have been filmed from the israeli side of the border. we know there have been persistent attacks, particularly in the north and we know that israeli soldiers have now encircled gaza city and their task they have stated is to destroy the tunnels under gaza which are used by hamas militants. the outstanding question of hostages is one people will be looking for answers on. meanwhile, two thirds of the population is now in the south of the gaza strip and their are concerned about the flow of humanitarian aid. we are getting very different reports on exactly how many trucks are able to enter across the rafa border. let's briefly show you the rafa border with people milling there, looking for that age to come through and in some cases trying to leave. let's get your weather now, with matt taylor. hello there. further bouts of rain will continue to be a concern for those affected by flooding in the days ahead. we also will have some dry and clearer slots as well. take today. this is the swirl of what was left off storm ciaran, clearing away, easing off. this will bring some heavy rain to england and wales tomorrow, but in between you will notice that clear a window, which is with most of us. it won't be completely dry, there will be scattering showers but some will stay dry throughout the day. the biggest exception will be the north and north—east of scotland, a band of rain pushing its way westwards on what will still be fairly strong winds. the wind is certainly down on those destructive ones we saw yesterday. afternoon temperatures close to where we should be at this stage in november. going through tonight, that cloud and rain across scotland continuing to fizzle out, and does storm ciaran, and at the same time, that bank of cloud will bring persistent rain to south wales and south—west england. by the end of the night, with strengthening mild enough in the south, but a chillierfurther north, and a bit of a north—south split tomorrow. this area of low pressure will bring strong winds to france and across spain, still close to the channel islands, and the gale hampering the clean—up. a band of rain sweeps its way northward, followed by sunshine and some very lively showers which could cause minor flooding issues. sussex and kent particularly, but scotland and northern ireland a quieter day on saturday, and clear skies going into saturday night if you have any plans, but lots of cloud for england and wales, heaviest in the far south—east of england. this area of low pressure from saturday eases away into the north sea for sunday, and then it is fact that quieter window again, so drier conditions, especially across central and eastern areas, a few showers possible, showers most likely across the western half of the country through the day, some of those on the heavy and thundery side, and around the coast again there could be some locally rather large rainfall totals. that leads us into sunday night of course, bonfire night. if you do have any plans for the evening, it does look like they will be some clearer spells, in central eastern areas, showers are most frequent in the west. take care. live from jerusalem, this is bbc news. us secretary of state antony blinken arrives in israel to push for a humanitarian pause in the fighting. israel's military says it has surrounded gaza city and has been attacking hamas infrastructure. about a hundred british nationals are on the list of people approved to leave gaza today via the rafah crossing into egypt. i'm tanya beckett in london. also this hour... so—called crypto king sam bankman—fried is found guilty of fraud and money laundering. more than 80 flood warnings remain in place across the uk in the aftermath of storm ciaran. hello. i'm anna foster. this is bbc news live from jerusalem. us secretary of state antony blinken is meeting the israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu at the start of another round of diplomacy in israel and the rest of the region.