states senate today, senate majority leader chuck schumer is going to join us. and rachel, this new information tonight, the new tape of donald trump making a call to georgia to an election official, this one before christmas. so earlier than the one that we already heard is just such stunning additional information about what was clearly an ongoing campaign to try to change the result of that election. and as you point out, he seems to cross the legal line repeatedly in these phone calls. >> and it also fills in some of the pieces about who was involved in this campaign and what the pattern of corrupting events were. and this may be a racketeering investigation in georgia based on actions and statements from that district attorney's office. but the white house chief of staff really did turn up bodily in person surprised at the audit in georgia when they were auditing the absentee ballots in cobb county. he showed up in person and then the next day he apparently told the president to call the investigator leading that audit while he told her what answer he wanted and how much she'd be praised when she produced that correct answer, which was that he mysteriously won the election. i mean it's starting to read like an elmore leonard book. >> and you hear on the phone call something you'd otherwise never hear in a phone call with the president of the united states. and that is the other person seeming to try to get off the phone, seeming to try to end the conversation when anyone else would just be so thrilled to talk to a president. how long can i keep this going? and she's probably a republican that's how she got appointed to that job in the republican government and she seemed to be doing everything she can. and that's the most helpful thing she can do is get him to hang up before he commits more crimes on the phone. >> exactly. she's flattering him and thanking him and being like, yeah, we're just looking for the facts, mr. president, which is what you meant to say, right? sir, got to go. yes, she's trying to help him. >> how many more tapes? we'll find out. thank you, rachel. our first guest tonight senate majority leader chuck schumer got judge merrick garland confirmed today by the united states senate as the attorney general of the united states. and so as of tonight the attorney general chosen by president joe biden will be overseeing all of the investigations of the insurrection of the capitol including possible trump involvement and trump white house involvement with the trump mob that attacked the capitol and killed police officer brian sicknick. today chuck schumer got congresswoman marsha fudge confirmed as secretary of the department of housing and urban development. also today chuck schumer got michael regan confirmed by the senate. michael reagan is the first black head of the environmental protection agency. and chuck schumer is the first new york senator to serve as majority leader, and he is the first jewish senator to serve as majority leader. more about that later. the most important test of a new majority leader is the very first big and controversial bill that the majority leader brings to the senate floor. and as his first test chuck schumer brought to the senate floor the single biggest spending bill any democratic leader of the senate has ever tried to pass. no new majority leader has ever had a more difficult first bill. the republican senate led by mitch mcconnell had one objective. yes, they wanted to defeat the bill but much more importantly for the workings of the senate going forward, they wanted to beat chuck schumer on the senate floor. they wanted to break chuck schumer's hold on the senate democrats because if they could do that on chuck schumer's first big bill, then the republicans would cripple his leadership for the rest of the biden presidency and the senate would fall into chaos because the new majority leader could not deliver and could not control the senate. in all my years of working in the senate and watching the senate i have never seen a more difficult challenge for a new majority leader. and to make it even more difficult, chuck schumer was working with zero margin of error. he could not lose a single democratic vote in the senate. no democratic majority leader has ever had a 50-50 senate. no majority leader has ever done what you just watched chuck schumer do. and he never let you know how difficult it was. "the new york times" described him as a happy warrior throughout the process. and in the end chuck schumer delivered a bill that bernie sanders on one side of the democratic party and joe manchin on the other side of the democratic party are both proud of. chuck schumer sent that 628-page bill from the senate to the house of representatives where it was passed today without changing a word of what chuck schumer sent to the house. and so in the end when president biden signs the bill, he will be signing the 628 pages that chuck schumer was able to get through a 50-50 senate. president biden who spent 36 years in the united states senate said, i've never seen anyone work as skillfully, as ably, as patiently with determination to deliver such a consequential piece of legislation. joe biden has seen the very best senate majority leaders at work in both parties, but he's never seen anything like what chuck schumer did to get the biden covid relief bill through the senate. after marathon negotiating sessions with democratic senators before and during the legislative action on the senate floor and after a grueling all-nighter in the senate fending off republican amendments, chuck schumer was grateful for and overjoyed by each one of the 50 votes he was able to get on his first big bill, the most important test of his leadership that chuck schumer has ever faced. >> i want to say one thing. i am so proud of my caucus. i love each one of them. they are just so great. and you know what unites our caucus? everyone knows especially with 50 votes we all have to pull together. everyone knows. >> and joining us now, the majority leader of the united states senate, chuck schumer. thank you very much for joining us tonight, mr. leader. it's a real honor to have you here. first time as majority leader. >> i got a little teary watching that, so excuse me. i'm a crier. >> i know what it's like, and i was telling people on saturday when i saw that that moment is completely real. i was on the senate floor for a 51-vote win on a hugely important bill in the first months of the clinton presidency. and when you get those 51 there's nothing quite like it. you do end up loving everyone one of them. >> i truly do, and it's an amazing caucus. we talk to each other. we respect each other. we don't agree with each other on everything, but the bottom line is every member as you said knew that failure was not an option. this is such a major change for america. i tell americans help is on the way. your $1,400 check for beleaguered people, help is on the way. your vaccines are going to get in peoples arms much more quickly so we can get rid of this crisis. help is on the way. we are making the schools -- we'll allow the schools to open safer and more quickly. and maybe the most important thing of all which really i care about, and i give a lot of credit to sherrod brown and michael bennett and cory booker and richie neil in the house is the eitc, the earned income tax credit and the child tax credit. if we take half the kids in america out of poverty, that's a generational goal. and these kids when you're brought up in poverty, you don't get adequate nutrition, you don't get adequate health care, don't get adequate education and housing. and then when they're 18 and lost, we blame them. it's so much better for society and heaper in the long run to put the money in now. so we are excited, lawrence. we are excited about this bill, the most important bill to pass in -- and so many other things people don't pay attention to. i had a construction worker teary-eyed talking to me two weeks ago. he said my pension is gone. he said i don't care about me. i care about my wife, my children and my parents. if i don't have that pension they depend on -- these people put in dollar after dollar, week after week and at least when i retire i'll have a life. the dignity that was gone we restored it. we have delivered for america, lawrence. and as you said from bernie sanders to joe manchin, each one knew they couldn't push things too far in their direction so that the other end would fall off and we did it. i and give them credit. i love them all. i truly do. i know it sounds corny but i do. >> it doesn't to me. senator schumer, there's a room i'd love to be in someday and i used to be in it quite frequently. it's your conference room. you have a team that is unique and it's a larger one than other leaders have had at other times. and it includes elizabeth warren. it includes bernie sanders. it includes joe manchin all sitting at that not so big conference table that you have in that room. what is it like when you have joe manchin at the table, bernie sanders at the table? what are they like with each other, and how much did that experience with each other in that room leading up to this help get this done? >> you know what we do in that room. we encourage everyone to state their viewpoints and not to take it personally if joe manchin feels this way and bernie sanders feels that way. and then my job is to try to bring everybody together so that we see each other's points of view, respect each others points of view and come up with a solution we all can support. and not something so watered down it doesn't mean something but something real. monday night and ten and the next day i meet with 20, and every tuesday i have a lunch and i encourage everybody to speak out so there are no hidden grievances or unspoken desires of legislation, and it works. it works. and we'll keep working because failure's not an option. you know the thing i'm sort of proudest of, lawrence, and you've talked about this. we democrats have to show we can deliver. people are -- you ask yourself this question. why did close to half of america vote for such a horrible evil man like donald trump? a liar, a divider, a bigot, a racist? because they didn't have hope. and when people don't have hope about the future, when people feel that the american dream which simply put is if i work hard i'll be doing better ten years from now than i'm doing today and my kids will be doing better than me, if they don't believe that they can turn to a demagogue, they can turn to a dictator. what we are showing people is government can work for them. and there's going to be nothing more tangible and immediate than checks, $1,400, and by the way there was some talk about trying to cut the children checks to $3,000 or $3,600 lower, we didn't. and when people will get that, and they'll see the vaccines come into their arms far more quickly than anyone ever imagined as we recover from this crisis. and we'll say, wow, government can do something. american people don't expect us to snap our fingers and make all the trouble go away, but they expect us to work so we give them hope and direction. and maybe that's the most important thing that happened in the last two days. they're going to see it, and i believe it'll change the political atmosphere quite a bit. >> well, i want to mention one trump voter who's very excited about this bill. and he tweeted about it today. he's a trump voter in mississippi. his name is roger wicker, and he tweeted independent restaurant owners have won $28.6 billion of targeted relief. this will ensure small businesses can survive the pandemic by helping to adapt their operations and keep their employees on the payroll. senator, as you know the weird think about that is roger wicker is the republican from mississippi who voted to kill all of that. >> but we try to be bipartisan when we can without sacrificing the need for big, bold action. so as you know the power of majority leader has is to determine what goes on the floor. the very first amendment i put on the floor was a wicker-sinema amendment, he republican, she a democrat to do a restaurants act. and even though he didn't support the bill, there are bipartisan parts to this bill. and we want to show our republican colleagues we want to work with them. we're not going to say no because a republican name is on it. we're not going to whittle things down so we're not getting anything done. that was a mistake of 2009 and 2010, but we do want to work with them. so i'm proud of the fact wicker was on the bill. and yes, he didn't vote overall for it. he should have because of so many other good things. but at least we're showing him when he has a good idea that is sort of bold and the restaurants needed help we're not going to just say go away. maybe that'll lead to more. who knows. >> senator schumer, we're going to squeeze in a commercial break here. when we come back there's a couple of things i have to ask you about. the filibuster rules and the albany times union tonight has new reporting on governor cuomo. i want to get your reaction to that. please stay with us. we're going to be right back with majority leader chuck schumer. e right back with majority leader chuck schumer. undry, but they all do it a little different. honestly, i add a couple of tide pods and just stuff everything in. it works. and of course, everyone thinks their way is right. i stood in line for hours to get this. it has to be washed on delicate. it has to be cold water, it's better for the planet. the secret is, with tide pods it all works. of course it does. told ya! they're going to do it their way, and i get a break from the laundry. no matter how you wash, it's got to be tide. did you know you can go to libertymutual.com to customizes your car insurance so you only pay for what you need? 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nazis invaded the capitol of the united states in 2021 looking for chuck schumer 76 years after nazis were rounding up and executing members of chuck schumer's family in nazi death camps. and after those nazis left the capitol on january 6th, chuck schumer went right back to work. in 1950 brooklyn was not yet the coolest place in new york city when chuck schumer was born there. abe and selma schumer's son took his schoolwork seriously, got perfect sat scores, went to harvard college and harvard law school. and the rest is history that chuck schumer continues to write for himself and for the country. if you ever have an emergency in your home and you need a plum br or an electrician that person for that day becomes the most important person in your life. and there is no emergency quite like needing an exterminator to come to your house or your apartment, and that is what abe schumer spent his work life doing in new york. when abe schumer was on the way you knew that help was on the way. and today abe's son is delivering help to a lot more people. >> so this is a wonderful day for america. this is one of the most consequential pieces of legislation we have passed in decades. and you know what we can show, america? that we can get things done to make their lives better. and we will continue to do that through the rest of this session. help is on the way. back with us senate majority leader chuck schumer. and senator schumer, the filibuster rules seem as though there might be some movement. we've heard recent statements by senator manchin saying there are adjustments that he can make. can you make anymore progress in the senate if you don't have some changes in the filibuster rules? >> well, look, here's our bottom line. and i think every democrat shares this, praise god. and that is that we need big bold change. america as i mentioned not only because of the covid crisis but because people do not have that american optimism and they turn to demagogues like trump. and if we don't do anything, lord knows what will happen in four years? so getting things done is very important. now, the wish of a good number of our colleagues maybe most is that we work with republicans to get those things done. but if we can't, failure is not an option and we will have to put our heads together as a caucus like we do now, and we will have to discuss for instance how we can allow georgia who imposed racist, despicable rules that could very -- you know, the idea that souls to the polls, the churches, the buses that leave churches on sunday after church and go to the polls. and now all of a sudden the georgia republicans say we shouldn't allow early voting on sunday. that's racist. you're racist, plain and simple. and what are we going to do? are we going to allow that to happen? it will make it much harder for raphael warnock to win re-election two years from now. they're doing it in other states making it harder for other democrats to either win empty seats or retain. we'll have to sit down as a caucus and figure it out if republicans won't come our way, and we're going to test them out of course before we go forward with this. but the bottom line is very simple. we will put our heads together. everything will be on the table, and i will do everything i can to make sure that failure is not an option, that we solve these kinds of problems. >> and senator, let me turn to a new york issue, the albany times union, a newspaper i know you read every day is reporting tonight new information about a new accuser of governor cuomo. you have said up to now that let the investigation take its course. is there anything about these new allegations that is changing your view of this? >> well, everyone of these allegations is really serious, really troubling and needs to be carefully, carefully looked at. i have always said that sexual harassment is just not tolerable in our society. and we know that. and so i early on called for an independent investigation. i have a great deal of faith, lawrence, in the attorney general of new york state. she will uncover everything. she will turn over every stone. she has subpoena power for both records and witnesses. and i am also confident that she will resist any outside interference political or otherwise. i have faith in her. >> senator, let me take you back to january 6th, which it turns out is the day you realized you were going to become majority leader and what you went through on that day, what you were feeling when you were rushed out of the building and when you were in hiding for hours on end, actually. and then to discover after the fact these photographs we've seen of people that day wearing clothing celebrating the holocaust and this information that some of these people were looking for you. they were looking for what they called "the big jew." >> let me say, lawrence, i've described it like a sentence in the tale of two cities in the best of times it was the worst of times. i stayed up all night and at 4:00 a.m. we learned it was pretty much certain that ossoff and warnock would win and i'd become majority leader. and of course i felt joy initially, but immediately thereafter another emotion coursed through my veins. and i don't mean awe in the sense my daughter says that was awesome, but in the biblical sense, the responsibility of the caucus was on our shoulders. i drive down to d.c. i'm on the floor of the senate and within an hour a policeman in a big bulletproof vest and a submachine gun strapped across his waist grabbed me firmly by the collar. i will never forget that grab, and he said, senator, you're in danger. we rush out, we walk to the right. we see these suns of guns. i would use the curse word. i'm from brooklyn, but this is national television. and you can see we walk through the hall and the minute we see them, they go through the hallway, we see them and turn around and run back the other way. and to be honest with you i didn't quite remember it. everything was such a whirl. and until i saw that film which the impeachment managers showed and they hadn't told me they would show it, that's when it collected. but to realize that these people were encouraged by this president is one of the most awful things that america has ever known, that he fomented this, he incited this. and i hope -- i hope and pray. i thought the impeachment managers did a good job. and i hope and i pray that americans as this sinks in say we can have nothing to do with donald trump. i also have faith that merrick garland who we installed, who we put in office today will go after everyone of these suns of guns and throw them out. but throw the book at them, no leniency. and if they deserve long jail sentences, which i would believe they do, put them in there and let that be an example to anyone else who might try. these are the worst, and they are authoritarian. and if america doesn't fight back in every way, which i believe the attorney general will do, the president will do and certainly we in the senate democrats will do, god save us. and will our republican friends finally come forward and join us in this? fear of donald trump should not be enough to undermine this democracy as trump and these people and their ilic are trying to do. >> senate majority leader chuck schumer, thank you very much for joining us tonight. really is an honor to have you here as majority leader. thank you very much. >> it's a pleasure to be with you, lawrence. thank you. >> thank you. coming up on this day when president biden has won his first big legislative victory in congress, white house communications director kate beddingfield will join us. we will ask her the question that every west wing faced after a big win. what's next? a big win. what's next? ♪ and a little bit of chicken fried ♪ ♪ cold beer on a friday night ♪ ♪ a pair of jeans that fit just right ♪ ♪ and the radio up ♪ get 5 boneless wings for $1 with any handcrafted burger. only at applebee's. your mission: stand up to moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. and take. it. on... ...with rinvoq. rinvoq a once-daily pill can dramatically improve symptoms... rinvoq helps tame pain, stiffness, swelling. and for some rinvoq can even significantly reduce ra fatigue. that's rinvoq relief. with ra, your overactive immune system attacks your joints. rinvoq regulates it to help stop the attack. rinvoq can lower your ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. serious infections and blood clots, sometimes fatal, have occurred... ...as have certain cancers, including lymphoma, and tears in the stomach or intestines, and changes in lab results. your doctor should monitor your bloodwork. tell your doctor about any infections...and if you are or may become pregnant while taking rinvoq. take on ra. talk to your rheumatologist about rinvoq relief. rinvoq. make it your mission. if you can't afford your medicine, abbvie may be able to help. if you can't afford your medicine, i have the power to lower my a1c. because i can still make my own insulin. and trulicity activates my body to release it. once-weekly trulicity is for type 2 diabetes. most people taking it reached an a1c under 7%. trulicity may also help you lose up to 10 pounds and lower your risk of cardiovascular events, whether you know you're at risk or not. trulicity isn't for people with type 1 diabetes. it's not approved for use in children. don't take trulicity if you're allergic to it, you or your family have medullary thyroid cancer, or have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2. stop trulicity and call your doctor right away if you have an allergic reaction, a lump or swelling in your neck, severe stomach pain, changes in vision, or diabetic retinopathy. serious side effects may include pancreatitis. taking trulicity with sulfonylurea or insulin raises low blood sugar risk. side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and may worsen kidney problems. i have it within me to lower my a1c. ask your doctor about once-weekly trulicity. among my patients i often see them have teeth sensitivity as well as gum issues. does it worry me? 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(burke) get a whole lot of something with farmers policy perks. ♪ we are farmers. bum-pa-dum, bum-bum-bum-bum ♪ this bill represents a historic, historic victory if the american people. i look forward to signing it later this week. everything in the american rescue plan addresses a real need including investments to fund our entire vaccination effort, more vaccines, more vaccinators and more vaccination sites. millions more americans will get tested including home testing. schools will soon have the funding and resources to reopen safely, a national imperative. >> joining us now kate bedingfield, white house communications director. thank you very much for joining us tonight. really appreciate it. i want to get your reaction to -- >> thanks for having me. >> -- senator wicker's tweet today where he's basically claiming credit for a piece of this bill. and are you concerned about how difficult it will be to make the american public understand where this bill came from, who delivered it, who delivered what? >> well, look, across the course of putting this bill together and then working to get it passed we earned the support -- president biden earned the support of 75% of the american public. so people saw president biden lay out his vision for a package that was going to get $1,400 checks to families who need it. it was going to get money to fund the vaccination program, to get shots in arms and provide money to reopen schools and get schools open. so he was very clear from the outset about what he thought the right path forward was. and over the course of this process 75% of the american public agreed with him. so you touched on the right question here, lawrence, which is what is next? so the next thing to do is to implement the bill and to go out and talk to people about how this money is going to make a difference in their lives. and that's what you're going to see president biden do. that's what you're going to see vice president harris do. that's what you're going to see the first lady and the second gentleman and the cabinet do. they're going to spend time over the next couple of weeks making sure we're really talking to people about the difference this is going to make and the fact help is here. the president said on the campaign trail help is on the way. with the passage of this bill help is here. i saw tonight american airlines announced 13,000 employees who had been furloughed are now not going to be furlough because of this bill. we're already seeing real world action. and we're going to be talking to people over the next two weeks how this bill is going to help them. >> american arlines sent out a letter to the employees saying if you got one of those furlough notices you can tear them up and it's all thanks to this legislation. there's no one working in american airlines who doesn't know where that came from, but your job as communications director is to make this clear in all 50 states and to voters in all 50 states. and yet you also have to be proceeding with the next agenda items in the white house. so how do you juggle those two things at the same time? >> well, like i say first we're going to spend a dedicated amount of time talking to the american people about this bill. you're going to see the president do it. he laid out clearly when he came into office that his first priority was to get this virus under control, stand up a vaccine program that's going to vaccinate people all across this country and to get our economy back on track. he's been relntlessee focused on that. so he's been relentlessly focused on this. he's been talking trectly to the american people. we've been talking directly to the american people as an administration. for example, local media -- we're out in local markets every day talking to people through their local news about what they're going to get from this bill, about the help they're going to receive and the fact that president biden and the democrats have passed in record time -- tomorrow is day 50 of the administration and president biden has already made good on promises to make meaningful progress to get this virus under control. so we are going to be focused on talking directly to the american people and making sure that there's no question about who has helped to get this bill done. >> now, the vote count seems to indicate that the highest number of votes a biden agenda item can get in the senate is 51. it doesn't look like there are anymore votes available. and so how will the rest of the biden agenda including immigration reform and other issues move through the senate without changes in the filibuster rule? i know white house press secretary jen psaki said it is president biden's preference to not change the rules. but the word preference in politics is a pretty soft word. what will you be able to get through the senate without changing the senate rules? >> well, i think you saw from this process, lawrence, that president biden is not willing to hold up urgent aid. he's not willing to hold up the process, and he is going to remain focused on moving quickly and making the progress that we need to make. now, that doesn't mean that he doesn't want to work with republicans. i think you saw him be incredibly bipartisan in this process. he had a number of republican senators to the white house to talk about their ideas for the rescue plan. and he continued outreach to republicans throughout this process. but he showed simultaneously he's not going to hold the process hostage. so you're right. his preference is not to get rid of the filibuster. he believes we're better served when we build a broad coalition. and again, i would note that 75% of the country including a majority of republicans supported the rescue plan. so this was a bipartisan bill for everyone except republicans on capitol hill. but look at what we've been able to get done in the first now 7 weeks of this administration. quite a bit. so his preference is to continue to work with people on both sides of the aisle, but he's not going to allow the process to be held up. >> kate bedingfield, i know you have a bill signing ceremony to plan, and so we thank you very much for joining us tonight. really appreciate it. >> thank you for having me, lawrence. i appreciate it. >> thank you. we have breaking news in the investigation of donald trump in georgia. there's another tape. that's next. s another tape that's next. ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ (customer) movie night. ♪♪ (burke) should have been watching the stove instead. 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"the wall street journal" has obtained and released an audio recording of donald trump in december pressuring yet another georgia official to change the election result. in this december phone call before christmas donald trump lies to francis watson, chief investigator of the georgia secretary of state's office and tries to get her to change the result of the election. >> i won georgia, i know that. by a lot and the people know it. and, you know, something happened there. i mean something bad happened. when the right answer comes out, you'll be praised. people will say great because that's what it's about, that ability to check and to make it right because everyone knows it's wrong. >> joining us now david cooke. he's a former district attorney for the macon judicial circuit in georgia. what does this add to what fawn ae willis is presenting already to a fulton county jury? >> i think the point is it just paints another portrait of the continued effort of him trying to change the result. and i think it's important that we don't get hung up on just this phone call but we see how it fits into the larger picture. and that's what's important about a racketeering indictment is that if she were to bring racketeering as what referenced in her letter to governor, then the jury would hear multiple pieces of the puzzle and put them all together to get a more clearer picture of what went on. >> one of the other things that's mentioned, these different counts that she's investigating that's mentioned in her letter is making false statements to state and local government bodies. did we not just hear donald trump making false statements to a government official? >> i'm not aware of any evidence that substantiates the claims that the former president just made on that phone call, but, again i think it's important to remember that there were other statements that he and other people assisting him made to georgia officials that weren't true. so when you combine that with the other evidence it's certainly not helpful to his case. >> well, when he says to a georgia official, i won georgia, that's a lie. >> based on everything we've seen, that's a lie. and again when you combine it with the other things that we know and the pressure to get people to go against their oath of office, that can be very damaging in a criminal trial. >> knowing the way faunae willis assembles a case, what are you expecting in terms of a timetable with her work with the grand jury? >> i think she's going to be very deliberate, and i think she's going to act quickly. but knowing d.a. willis the way i know her, i know she's not going to let artificial constraints dictate what she does match she's going to let it takes as long as it takes because what's important to her is the end result and that's justice. >> david cook, thank you very much for joining us tonight. we really appreciate it. >> glad to be here. have a good night. >> thank you. and coming up, the war against the coronavirus has many soldiers and many generals, one of them is a woman who won the nobel prize in december. her story is told in the exciting new book "the code breaker" by walter isaacson. that's next. y walter isaacson. that's next. s. try claritin cool mint chewabls for powerful allergy relief plus a cooling sensation. live claritin clear. managing type 2 diabetes? you're on it. staying fit and snacking light? yup, on it there too. you may think you're doing all you can to manage type 2 diabetes and heart disease... ...but could your medication do more to lower your heart risk? jardiance can reduce the risk of cardiovascular death for adults who also have known heart disease. so, it could help save your life from a heart attack or stroke. and it lowers a1c. jardiance can cause serious side effects including dehydration, ...genital yeast or urinary tract infections, and sudden kidney problems. ketoacidosis is a serious side effect that may be fatal. a rare but life-threatening bacterial infection in the skin of the perineum could occur. stop taking jardiance and call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of this bacterial infection, ketoacidosis, or an allergic reaction... ...and don't take it if you're on dialysis or have severe kidney problems. taking jardiance with a sulfonylurea or insulin may cause low blood sugar. lower a1c and lower risk of a fatal heart attack? on it with jardiance. ask your doctor about jardiance. ♪ limu emu & doug ♪ excuse me ma'am, did you know that liberty mutual customizes your car insurance so you only pay for what you need? thank you! hey, hey, no, no, limu, no limu! only pay for what you need. ♪ liberty. liberty. liberty. liberty. ♪ to support local restaurants, we've been to every city, including boise... ...and even bakersfield. yeah, we're exhausted. whew! so, tonight... i'll be eating the gyro quesadilla from...al quick stop...in... hyde park. 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(doorbell) (giggle) oh, they're excellent. i had so many beignets i thought i was going to hurl. do ya think they bought it? oh yeah. do ya think they bought it? guy fieri! ya know, if you wanna make that sandwich the real deal, ya gotta focus on the bread layers. king's hawaiian sliced bread makes everything better! ♪ (angelic choir) ♪ and here's mine! i picked up walter isaacson's new book "the code breaker" late one night last week when i thought i was too tired to read and the cliche happened. i could not put this book down because of scenes like this. walter isaacson volunteering in august in the clinical trial of the pfizer covid-19 vaccine. page 435. look me in the eyes, the doctor ordered, staring at me from behind her plastic face guard. her eyes were vividly blue, almost as blue as her hospital mask. yet after a moment i started to turn to the doctor on my left who was jabbing a long needle deep into the muscle of my upper arm. no, the first krsnapped, look at me. then she explained because i was part of a double blind clinical trial of an experimental covid vaccine they had to make sure that i didn't get any clues about whether i was being injected with a real dose or merely a placebo made of saline solution. would i really be able to tell just by looking at the syringe? probably not, she answered. but we want to be careful. "the code breaker" is a scientific action adventure story told in the form of the biography of a woman who won the nobel prize last year for her work in the scientific arena that walter isaacson says is about nothing less than the future of the human race. joining us now walter isaacson now a professor at history, the latest book "the code breaker." walter, you're now ten books into your collected works. each of them building in many ways on the other. biography has become your favorite form. what drew you to this subject? and boy, did you get lucky in the middle of studying this subject. >> well, jennifer dowd is this really cool woman who as a young girl pick up the double helix. they were both old enough to remember that book about the structure of dna. and she saw the character of roselyn franklin and she said, oh, wow, girls can be scientists. in high school a counselor said no, no, girls don't become scientists. that pushed her on and she discovers the structures of rna, which turns out to be this miracle molecule. it's the molecule that's the emergency in the pfizer and moderna. it's the guide that allows us to edit our own genes. so this is a book about a very fun woman who says, okay, i'm going to understand the secrets of life. and it's a great detective story. >> and the coronavirus enters the story while you're investigating this story yourself and while you're writing this story, and she goes to work on it. >> yeah, you know her kid was going to a robotics competition exactly a year ago. and she woke up at 2:00 in the morning and woke her husband up and said we've got to go andy, this virus pandemic is spreading. they pick him up, he's complaining. then they get a text bobby's competition is canceled. she goes back and gathers the next day 50 scientists she's been working with on rna, and then they use it. they apply it to ways to detect the coronavirus, and they apply it to ways to make these new vaccines and to have a way of really just killing the virus outright. so it was kind of exciting to be right in the middle of a story and then having this pivot happened that brought it and made it so relevant to our lives. >> and the long-term solution described in the book is to be able to edit genes so much that we will not need vaccines in the future to fight these kinds of viruses. >> in many ways this new technology can help us. one is -- and this is controversial but the chinese doctor did it two years ago, edit early stage embryos so we wipeout virus receptors from the human species. i don't think we're ready to go there yet, but we can certainly use chrisper to actually kill the virus. chrisper cast 13 can chop up rna like the coronavirus. and that means we don't have to do it through stimulating our immune system. if we can just do what bacteria have done for a billion years and fight it directly. and then in the long-term, yes, we're going to be able to edit human genes to make ourselves safer, to make ourselves healthier. we've already been able to cure sickle cell anema last year using this technology and soon we'll be able to protect ourselves against viruses. >> there's a very important note in your book for parents and for young kids out there. you note that -- and you've written now biographies of creative people from da vinci to ben franklin to steve jobs. and you note that many creative people are alienated as kids when they're young, she said i was really, really alone and isolated at school and alieniated by their surroundings. >> you know, we all try to figure out how we're going to fit into this cosmos. we all want to know. and that's leonardo da vinci, it's like how do i fit in, and that's what jennifer dowden did. she was always curious. she was curious about how beautiful nature is. and when you embark on an adventure there's a joy in understanding how something works especially when that something is ourselves. and that's the type of thing that this coronavirus pandemic should teach us, is that we should understand the beauties of nature and also fathom how science can help us. >> cathy isaacson, the writer who's also the wife of walter isaacson of 35 years has written the most revealing thing yet about walter isaacson. she writes, "our daughter betsey once said that in writing about ben franklin walter was writing about himself. an upwardly mobile newspaper man interested in science and diplomacy. she said in writing aboutine stin walter was writing about his own father, a friendly distracted engineer with a friendly human streak. in steve jobs he was writing ubher, a strong tech loving geek. and the subject of his latest book, he was writing about me, smart, sensible and persistent. you should see why i love him. and walter, such is the beginning of the first biography of walter isaacson. >> never, never -- i've already consulted my lawyer. but you know kathy well, and she's your biggest fan. >> walter, this book at this time is so important to where we are both in the current science and the future science of where we're going. what would you say is the basic take away that readers should get from this book? >> basic science, curiosity driven science. sometimes politicians as you know well, lawrence, will say why do we have in the budget some study of bacteria and some repeated sequences that bacteria have in their genetic code? and then somebody discovers, well, those repeated sequences are the way -- they're called chrispers, are the way those bacteria fight viruses and they can adapt every time a new virus hits. and so suddenly basic science leads to a discovery which leads to an invention which becomes a useful thing in our lives. and that's the story of the mrna vaccines and the story of chrisper and about science if you're curious about nature that will reward you. >> reading a walter isaacson book is like going back to the most exciting college class you ever took. walter isaacson, the book is the code breaker. thank you very, very much for joining us again tonight. really appreciate it. >> and thank you, lawrence, for having me on such a busy day. >> walter isaacson get tonight's "last word." "the 11th hour" with brian williams starts now. and good evening onc